Vanova Veronika, Mitrevska Katerina, Milosavljevic Vedran, Hynek David, Richtera Lukas, Adam Vojtech
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2021 May 15;180:113087. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113087. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Proteins are generally detected as biomarkers for tracing or determining various disorders in organisms. Biomarker proteins can be tracked in samples with various origins and in different concentrations, revealing whether an organism is in a healthy or unhealthy state. In regard to detection, electrochemical biosensors are a potential fusion of electronics, chemistry, and biology, allowing for fast and early point-of-care detection from a biological sample with the advantages of high sensitivity, simple construction, and easy operation. Peptides present a promising approach as a biorecognition element when connected with electrochemical biosensors. The benefits of short peptides lie mainly in their good stability and selective affinity to a target analyte. Therefore, peptide-based electrochemical biosensors (PBEBs) represent an alternative approach for the detection of different protein biomarkers. This review provides a summary of the past decade of recently proposed PBEBs designed for protein detection, dividing them according to different protein types: (i) enzyme detection, including proteases and kinases; (ii) antibody detection; and (iii) other protein detection. According to these protein types, different sensing mechanisms are discussed, such as the peptide cleavage by a proteases, phosphorylation by kinases, presence of antibodies, and exploiting of affinities; furthermore, measurements are obtained by different electrochemical methods. A discussion and comparison of various constructions, modifications, immobilization strategies and different sensing techniques in terms of high sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and potential for practical application are presented.
蛋白质通常作为生物标志物用于追踪或确定生物体中的各种疾病。生物标志物蛋白可以在具有不同来源和不同浓度的样本中进行追踪，从而揭示生物体是处于健康还是不健康状态。在检测方面，电化学生物传感器是电子学、化学和生物学的潜在融合，它能够从生物样本中进行快速且早期的即时检测，具有高灵敏度、结构简单和操作便捷等优点。当与电化学生物传感器连接时，肽作为一种生物识别元件展现出了一种很有前景的方法。短肽的优势主要在于其良好的稳定性以及对目标分析物的选择性亲和力。因此，基于肽的电化学生物传感器（PBEBs）代表了一种检测不同蛋白质生物标志物的替代方法。本综述总结了过去十年中最近提出的用于蛋白质检测的PBEBs，并根据不同的蛋白质类型对它们进行了分类：（i）酶检测，包括蛋白酶和激酶；（ii）抗体检测；以及（iii）其他蛋白质检测。根据这些蛋白质类型，讨论了不同的传感机制，例如蛋白酶的肽切割、激酶的磷酸化、抗体的存在以及亲和力的利用；此外，通过不同的电化学方法进行测量。本文还就高灵敏度、选择性、重复性以及实际应用潜力等方面，对各种结构、修饰、固定策略和不同的传感技术进行了讨论和比较。
