Psychotropic Substances Research Group, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
J Psychopharmacol. 2021 Apr;35(4):384-397. doi: 10.1177/0269881121992676. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
Psilocybin is the psychoactive component in mushrooms ('magic mushrooms'). Whether and how the quality of the psilocybin-induced experience might mediate beneficial health outcomes is currently under investigation, for example, in therapeutic applications. However, to date, no meta-analysis has investigated the dose-dependency of subjective experiences across available studies.
Establishing dose-response relationships of the subjective experiences induced by psilocybin in healthy study participants and a comparison of patient groups.
We applied a linear meta-regression approach, based on the robust variance estimation framework, to obtain linear dose-response relationship estimates on questionnaire ratings after oral psilocybin administration. Data were obtained from the Altered States Database, which contains data extracted from MEDLINE-listed journal articles that used standardized and validated questionnaires: the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale, the Mystical Experience Questionnaire and the Hallucinogen Rating Scale.
Psilocybin dose positively correlated with ratings on most factors and scales, mainly those referring to perceptual alterations and positively experienced ego dissolution. Measures referring to challenging experiences exhibited small effects and were barely modulated by dose.
Psilocybin intensified almost all characteristics of altered states of consciousness assessed with the given questionnaires. Because subjective experiences are not only determined by dose, but also by individual and environmental factors, the results may only apply to controlled laboratory experiments and not to recreational use. This paper may serve as a general literature citation for the use of psilocybin in experimental and clinical research, to compare expected and observed subjective experiences.
裸盖菇素是致幻蘑菇（“神奇蘑菇”）中的精神活性成分。目前正在研究迷幻蘑菇引起的体验质量是否以及如何影响健康结果，例如在治疗应用中。然而，迄今为止，尚无荟萃分析调查过现有研究中主观体验的剂量依赖性。
建立健康研究参与者中裸盖菇素诱导的主观体验的剂量-反应关系，并比较患者群体。
我们应用了基于稳健方差估计框架的线性荟萃回归方法，以获得口服裸盖菇素给药后问卷评分的线性剂量-反应关系估计。数据来自改变状态数据库，其中包含从 MEDLINE 列出的期刊文章中提取的数据，这些文章使用了标准化和验证的问卷：改变状态的意识量表、神秘体验问卷和迷幻剂量表。
裸盖菇素剂量与大多数因素和量表的评分呈正相关，主要与感知改变和积极体验的自我溶解有关。与挑战性体验相关的措施显示出较小的效果，并且几乎不受剂量调节。
裸盖菇素几乎强化了使用给定问卷评估的所有意识改变状态的特征。由于主观体验不仅取决于剂量，还取决于个体和环境因素，因此结果可能仅适用于受控的实验室实验，而不适用于娱乐用途。本文可作为实验和临床研究中使用裸盖菇素的一般文献引用，以比较预期和观察到的主观体验。
