Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, CSC USC1361, Bron, France.
Vet Res. 2021 Mar 4;52(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13567-021-00911-3.
Organoids are three-dimensional structures that are derived from the self-organization of stem cells as they differentiate in vitro. The plasticity of stem cells is one of the major criteria for generating organoids most similar to the tissue structures they intend to mimic. Stem cells are cells with unique properties of self-renewal and differentiation. Depending on their origin, a distinction is made between pluripotent (embryonic) stem cells (PSCs), adult (or tissue) stem cells (ASCs), and those obtained by somatic reprogramming, so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). While most data since the 1980s have been acquired in the mouse model, and then from the late 1990s in humans, the process of somatic reprogammation has revolutionized the field of stem cell research. For domestic animals, numerous attempts have been made to obtain PSCs and iPSCs, an approach that makes it possible to omit the use of embryos to derive the cells. Even if the plasticity of the cells obtained is not always optimal, the recent progress in obtaining reprogrammed cells is encouraging. Along with PSCs and iPSCs, many organoid derivations in animal species are currently obtained from ASCs. In this study, we present state-of-the-art stem cell research according to their origins in the various animal models developed.
类器官是三维结构,它们是由干细胞在体外分化时的自我组织形成的。干细胞的可塑性是生成最类似于它们试图模拟的组织结构的类器官的主要标准之一。干细胞是具有自我更新和分化独特特性的细胞。根据其来源,可分为多能(胚胎)干细胞(PSCs)、成体(或组织)干细胞(ASCs)和通过体细胞核移植获得的所谓诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)。虽然自 20 世纪 80 年代以来的大多数数据都是在小鼠模型中获得的,然后从 20 世纪 90 年代末开始在人类中获得,但体细胞重编程的过程彻底改变了干细胞研究领域。对于家畜,已经进行了多次尝试以获得 PSCs 和 iPSCs,这种方法可以避免使用胚胎来获得细胞。即使获得的细胞的可塑性并不总是最佳,但最近在获得重编程细胞方面的进展令人鼓舞。除了 PSCs 和 iPSCs 之外,目前还从 ASCs 中获得了许多动物物种的类器官衍生。在本研究中,我们根据在各种已开发的动物模型中干细胞的起源,介绍了最新的干细胞研究进展。