Frontera W R, Meredith C N, O'Reilly K P, Knuttgen H G, Evans W J
United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Mar;64(3):1038-44. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.64.3.1038.
The effects of strength conditioning on skeletal muscle function and mass were determined in older men. Twelve healthy untrained volunteers (age range 60-72 yr) participated in a 12-wk strength training program (8 repetitions/set; 3 sets/day; 3 days/wk) at 80% of the one repetition maximum (1 RM) for extensors and flexors of both knee joints. They were evaluated before the program and after 6 and 12 wk of training. Weekly measurements of 1 RM showed a progressive increase in strength in extensors and flexors. By 12 wk extensor and flexor strength had increased 107.4 (P less than 0.0001) and 226.7% (P less than 0.0001), respectively. Isokinetic peak torque of extensors and flexors measured on a Cybex II dynamometer increased 10.0 and 18.5% (P less than 0.05) at 60 degrees/s and 16.7 and 14.7% (P less than 0.05) at 240 degrees/s. The torque-velocity relationship showed an upward displacement of the curve at the end of training, mainly in the slow-velocity high-torque region. Midthigh composition from computerized tomographic scans showed an increase (P less than 0.01) in total thigh area (4.8%), total muscle area (11.4%), and quadriceps area (9.3%). Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle revealed similar increases (P less than 0.001) in type I fiber area (33.5%) and type II fiber area (27.6%). Daily excretion of urinary 3-methyl-L-histidine increased with training (P less than 0.05) by an average 40.8%. Strength gains in older men were associated with significant muscle hypertrophy and an increase in myofibrillar protein turnover.
在老年男性中测定了力量训练对骨骼肌功能和质量的影响。12名健康的未经训练的志愿者（年龄范围60 - 72岁）参加了一项为期12周的力量训练计划（每组8次重复；每天3组；每周3天），训练强度为双侧膝关节伸肌和屈肌一次重复最大值（1RM）的80%。在训练计划开始前以及训练6周和12周后对他们进行了评估。每周对1RM的测量显示伸肌和屈肌力量逐渐增加。到12周时，伸肌和屈肌力量分别增加了107.4%（P < 0.0001）和226.7%（P < 0.0001）。使用Cybex II测力计测量的伸肌和屈肌等速峰值扭矩在60°/s时分别增加了10.0%和18.5%（P < 0.05），在240°/s时分别增加了16.7%和14.7%（P < 0.05）。扭矩 - 速度关系显示训练结束时曲线向上位移，主要在低速高扭矩区域。计算机断层扫描显示大腿中部面积增加（P < 0.01），总大腿面积增加4.8%，总肌肉面积增加11.4%，股四头肌面积增加9.3%。股外侧肌活检显示I型纤维面积增加33.5%（P < 0.001），II型纤维面积增加27.6%（P < 0.001）。随着训练，尿中3 - 甲基 - L - 组氨酸的每日排泄量平均增加40.8%（P < 0.05）。老年男性力量的增加与显著的肌肉肥大和肌原纤维蛋白周转率增加有关。
