UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 19;18(4):2008. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042008.
Titanium dioxide (TiO) is used as a food additive in pastries, sweets, and sauces. It is recognized as safe by food safety authorities, but in recent years, governments and scientists have raised concerns about its genotoxicity. This systematic review aims to assess the potential associations between food TiO exposure and microbiota composition and functions.
A systematic literature search was performed up to December 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The PRISMA guidelines followed. The risk of bias was assessed from ARRIVE and SYRCLE tools.
A total of 18 animal studies were included (n = 10 mice, n = 5 rats, n = 2 fruit flies, n = 1 silkworm). Studies varied significantly in protocols and outcomes assessment. TiO exposure might cause variations in abundance in specific bacterial species and lead to gut dysfunctions such as a reduction in SCFAs levels, goblet cells and crypts, mucus production, and increased biomarkers of intestinal inflammation.
Although the extrapolation of these results from animals to humans remains difficult, this review highlights the key role of gut microbiota in gut nanotoxicology and stimulates discussions on the safe TiO use in food and dietary supplements. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020223968.
二氧化钛（TiO）作为食品添加剂用于糕点、糖果和酱汁。食品安全机构认为其是安全的，但近年来，政府和科学家对其遗传毒性表示担忧。本系统评价旨在评估食物 TiO 暴露与微生物群落组成和功能之间的潜在关联。
截至 2020 年 12 月，在 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 数据库中进行了系统文献检索。遵循 PRISMA 指南。使用 ARRIVE 和 SYRCLE 工具评估偏倚风险。
共纳入 18 项动物研究（n = 10 只小鼠，n = 5 只大鼠，n = 2 只果蝇，n = 1 只家蚕）。研究方案和结果评估差异很大。TiO 暴露可能导致特定细菌物种丰度的变化，并导致肠道功能障碍，例如 SCFAs 水平降低、杯状细胞和隐窝减少、粘液产生增加以及肠道炎症标志物增加。
尽管这些结果从动物到人类的推断仍然很困难，但本综述强调了肠道微生物群在肠道纳米毒理学中的关键作用，并激发了关于 TiO 在食品和膳食补充剂中安全使用的讨论。本系统评价在 PROSPERO 上注册为 CRD42020223968。
