Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.
Vet Med Sci. 2024 Nov;10(6):e70105. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70105.
The utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) has significantly increased across various industries.
This study rigorously explored the impact of TiO NPs exposure on chicken embryos, focusing particularly on alterations in the immune system, liver functionality and key biochemical markers.
The study involved three groups of 30 eggs each, subjected to increasing doses of TiO NPs: Group C (control), Group T1 (150 µg/mL) and Group T2 (300 µg/mL). After 48 h of incubation, the eggs in Groups T1 and T2 each received an injection of 0.3 mL of the TiO NPs solution. In contrast, the eggs in the control group (Group C) were injected with 0.3 mL of saline solution. Histopathological changes were analysed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas amniotic fluid's biochemical properties were examined photometrically. The study also assessed the expression of immune genes (AvBD9, IL6 and IL8L2) through quantitative PCR. The evaluations included growth metrics, amniotic fluid biochemistry and histological analysis of the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius.
The results revealed subcutaneous haemorrhage, significant reductions in total body weight and marked changes in biochemical markers, including urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the amniotic fluid of the groups treated with TiO NPs, compared to the control. Histological examinations indicated noticeable alterations in the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius following TiO NP exposure. These alterations were characterized by disruptions in cellular structures and variations in lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, a notable decrease in the expression of immunity genes, namely, AvBD9, IL8L2 and IL6, was observed in the TiO NP-treated groups compared to the control.
The findings underscore the need for risk assessments of TiO NPs exposure due to its impact on development and immunity. Future research should explore its impact on neurodevelopment and degeneration.
二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO NPs）在各个行业的应用显著增加。
本研究严格探讨了 TiO NPs 暴露对鸡胚的影响，特别关注免疫系统、肝功能和关键生化标志物的变化。
该研究涉及三组各 30 个鸡蛋，分别接受递增剂量的 TiO NPs：C 组（对照组）、T1 组（150μg/mL）和 T2 组（300μg/mL）。孵育 48 小时后，T1 和 T2 组的每个鸡蛋都注射了 0.3mL 的 TiO NPs 溶液。相比之下，对照组（C 组）的鸡蛋注射了 0.3mL 的生理盐水溶液。使用苏木精和伊红（H&E）染色分析组织病理学变化，而通过比色法检测羊水的生化特性。该研究还通过定量 PCR 评估了免疫基因（AvBD9、IL6 和 IL8L2）的表达。评估包括生长指标、羊水生物化学以及肝脏、盲肠扁桃体和法氏囊的组织学分析。
结果显示，与对照组相比，TiO NPs 处理组的鸡胚羊水出现皮下出血、总体重显著减轻以及生化标志物（尿素、肌酐、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT））显著变化。组织学检查表明，暴露于 TiO NPs 后，肝脏、盲肠扁桃体和法氏囊发生明显变化。这些变化的特征是细胞结构破坏和淋巴细胞计数变化。此外，与对照组相比，TiO NP 处理组的免疫基因（AvBD9、IL8L2 和 IL6）表达显著下降。
这些发现强调了需要对 TiO NPs 暴露进行风险评估，因为它会影响发育和免疫。未来的研究应该探索其对神经发育和退行性变的影响。
