Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 19;13(2):675. doi: 10.3390/nu13020675.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the health-related behaviors among university students, with emphasis on health sciences students from Croatia, Italy, Lebanon, Poland, Romania, Spain and Turkey. We included 6222 students in Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy, Nutrition and Dietetics, Sports Sciences, Veterinary, and Economics enrolled between April 2018 and March 2020. We assessed dietary patterns, sleeping habits, physical activity and perceived stress among students by means of validated questionnaires. The median age ranged between 19 and 24 years, smoking prevalence between 12.0% and 35.4%, and body mass index (BMI) ranged between 21.1 and 23.2 kg/m. Breakfast was less often and more often consumed daily in Turkey (36.7%), and Italy (75.7%), respectively. The highest Mediterranean diet score was recorded in Spain and Italy, and the lowest in Turkey, followed by students from Croatia, Lebanon, Poland and Romania. Sleep duration, physical activity and stress perception also differed between countries. Multivariable regression analysis revealed a small, but positive association between BMI and several characteristics, including age, female gender, smoking, physical activity, mobile phone use, and perceived stress. A negative association was found between BMI and sleep duration on non-working days. Self-rated health perception was positively associated with female gender, breakfast, physical activity, and time spent studying, and negatively with BMI, smoking and stress. Our results demonstrated diverse habits in students from different countries, some of which were less healthy than anticipated, given their educational background. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on improving the lifestyle of these adolescents and young adults, who will be tomorrow's healthcare workers.
本横断面研究旨在评估大学生的健康相关行为，重点关注来自克罗地亚、意大利、黎巴嫩、波兰、罗马尼亚、西班牙和土耳其的健康科学专业学生。我们纳入了 2018 年 4 月至 2020 年 3 月期间入读医学、牙科、护理、药学、营养与饮食学、运动科学、兽医学和经济学专业的 6222 名学生。我们采用经过验证的问卷评估学生的饮食模式、睡眠习惯、身体活动和感知压力。学生的中位年龄在 19 至 24 岁之间，吸烟率在 12.0%至 35.4%之间，体重指数（BMI）在 21.1 至 23.2kg/m 之间。早餐的摄入情况在土耳其（36.7%）和意大利（75.7%）存在差异，分别为较少和较多。在西班牙和意大利，地中海饮食评分最高，在土耳其则最低，其次是来自克罗地亚、黎巴嫩、波兰和罗马尼亚的学生。睡眠持续时间、身体活动和压力感知在各国之间也存在差异。多变量回归分析显示，BMI 与几个特征之间存在小但积极的关联，包括年龄、女性性别、吸烟、身体活动、手机使用和感知压力。在非工作日，BMI 与睡眠持续时间呈负相关。自我报告的健康感知与女性性别、早餐、身体活动和学习时间呈正相关，与 BMI、吸烟和压力呈负相关。我们的研究结果表明，来自不同国家的学生存在多样化的习惯，其中一些习惯不如预期的健康，考虑到他们的教育背景。需要更加重视改善这些青少年和年轻成年人的生活方式，他们将成为未来的医疗保健工作者。
