John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 11;22(4):1798. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041798.
Investigating the molecular mechanisms governing developmental axon growth has been a useful approach for identifying new strategies for boosting axon regeneration after injury, with the goal of treating debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injury and vision loss. The picture emerging is that various axonal organelles are important centers for organizing the molecular mechanisms and machinery required for growth cone development and axon extension, and these have recently been targeted to stimulate robust regeneration in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes recent literature highlighting a central role for organelles such as recycling endosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, autophagosomes and the proteasome in developmental axon growth, and describes how these organelles can be targeted to promote axon regeneration after injury to the adult CNS. This review also examines the connections between these organelles in developing and regenerating axons, and finally discusses the molecular mechanisms within the axon that are required for successful axon growth.
研究发育性轴突生长的分子机制一直是一种有用的方法，可以确定促进损伤后轴突再生的新策略，目标是治疗脊髓损伤和视力丧失等使人衰弱的疾病。目前的情况是，各种轴突细胞器是组织生长锥发育和轴突延伸所需的分子机制和机制的重要中心，最近已经针对这些细胞器进行了研究，以刺激成年中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤后的强大再生。这篇综述总结了最近的文献，强调了再循环内体、内质网、线粒体、溶酶体、自噬体和蛋白酶体等细胞器在发育性轴突生长中的核心作用，并描述了如何针对这些细胞器促进成年 CNS 损伤后的轴突再生。这篇综述还研究了发育中和再生轴突中这些细胞器之间的联系，最后讨论了轴突内对成功轴突生长所必需的分子机制。
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