Winkle Cortney C, Taylor Kendra L, Dent Erik W, Gallo Gianluca, Greif Karen F, Gupton Stephanie L
Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599.
Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.
Dev Neurobiol. 2016 Dec;76(12):1293-1307. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22398. Epub 2016 May 9.
The generation of axon collateral branches is a fundamental aspect of the development of the nervous system and the response of axons to injury. Although much has been discovered about the signaling pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics underlying branching, additional aspects of the cell biology of axon branching have received less attention. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of key factors involved in axon branching. This article focuses on how cytoskeletal mechanisms, intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, and membrane remodeling (exocytosis and endocytosis) contribute to branch initiation and formation. Together this growing literature provides valuable insight as well as a platform for continued investigation into how multiple aspects of axonal cell biology are spatially and temporally orchestrated to give rise to axon branches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1293-1307, 2016.
轴突侧支的生成是神经系统发育以及轴突对损伤反应的一个基本方面。尽管关于分支背后的信号通路和细胞骨架动力学已经有了很多发现，但轴突分支细胞生物学的其他方面却较少受到关注。这篇综述总结了我们对轴突分支所涉及关键因素理解的最新进展。本文重点关注细胞骨架机制、细胞内细胞器（如线粒体和内质网）以及膜重塑（胞吐作用和胞吞作用）如何促进分支的起始和形成。这些不断增加的文献共同提供了有价值的见解，也为持续研究轴突细胞生物学的多个方面如何在空间和时间上协调以产生轴突分支提供了一个平台。© 2016威利期刊公司。《发育神经生物学》76: 1293 - 1307, 2016年。
