Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Verona-Unit of Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Molecules. 2021 Feb 14;26(4):1003. doi: 10.3390/molecules26041003.
How life did originate and what is life, in its deepest foundation? The texture of life is known to be held by molecules and their chemical-physical laws, yet a thorough elucidation of the aforementioned questions still stands as a puzzling challenge for science. Focusing solely on molecules and their laws has indirectly consolidated, in the scientific knowledge, a mechanistic (reductionist) perspective of biology and medicine. This occurred throughout the long historical path of experimental science, affecting subsequently the onset of the many theses and speculations about the origin of life and its maintenance. Actually, defining what is life, asks for a novel epistemology, a ground on which living systems' organization, whose origin is still questioned via chemistry, physics and even philosophy, may provide a new key to focus onto the complex nature of the human being. In this scenario, many issues, such as the role of information and water structure, have been long time neglected from the theoretical basis on the origin of life and marginalized as a kind of scenic backstage. On the contrary, applied science and technology went ahead on considering molecules as the sole leading components in the scenery. Water physics and information dynamics may have a role in living systems much more fundamental than ever expected. Can an organism be simply explained by a mechanistic view of its nature or we need "something else"? Probably, we can earn sound foundations about life by simply changing our prejudicial view about living systems simply as complex, highly ordered machines. In this manuscript we would like to reappraise many fundamental aspects of molecular and chemical biology and reading them through a new paradigm, which includes Prigogine's dissipative structures and informational dissipation (Shannon dissipation). This would provide readers with insightful clues about how biology and chemistry may be thoroughly revised, referring to new models, such as informational dissipation. We trust they are enabled to address a straightforward contribution in elucidating what life is for science. This overview is not simply a philosophical speculation, but it would like to affect deeply our way to conceive and describe the foundations of organisms' life, providing intriguing suggestions for readers in the field.
生命是如何起源的,生命的本质是什么?生命的结构被认为是由分子及其化学物理规律所决定的,但要彻底阐明上述问题仍然是科学面临的一个难题。科学仅仅关注分子及其规律,这在科学知识中间接巩固了生物学和医学的机械论(还原论)观点。这种情况贯穿于实验科学的漫长历史进程中,随后影响了许多关于生命起源及其维持的假说和推测的出现。实际上,定义生命是什么,需要一种新的认识论,一种可以为生命起源及其维持提供新的研究视角的基础,而这一基础仍在通过化学、物理甚至哲学进行探讨。在这种情况下,许多问题,如信息和水结构的作用,长期以来一直被忽视生命起源的理论基础之外,被边缘化作为一种风景的背景。相反,应用科学和技术继续将分子视为风景中的唯一主导成分。水物理学和信息动力学在生命系统中的作用可能比以往预期的更为基础。一个生物体能否仅仅通过其机械论的本质观点来解释,或者我们还需要“其他东西”?也许,我们可以通过简单地改变我们对生命系统的偏见,将其简单地视为复杂的、高度有序的机器,来获得关于生命的坚实基础。在本文中,我们将重新评估分子和化学生物学的许多基本方面,并通过一种新的范式来阅读它们,包括普里高津的耗散结构和信息耗散(香农耗散)。这将为读者提供关于生物学和化学如何通过新模型(如信息耗散)进行彻底修正的深刻线索。我们相信,它们能够为阐明生命对科学的意义做出直接贡献。这篇综述不仅仅是一种哲学上的推测,而是希望深刻地影响我们对生物体生命基础的构思和描述方式,为该领域的读者提供有趣的建议。