Kondepudi Dilip K, De Bari Benjamin, Dixon James A
Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
Center for Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Entropy (Basel). 2020 Nov 16;22(11):1305. doi: 10.3390/e22111305.
Self-organization in nonequilibrium systems has been known for over 50 years. Under nonequilibrium conditions, the state of a system can become unstable and a transition to an organized structure can occur. Such structures include oscillating chemical reactions and spatiotemporal patterns in chemical and other systems. Because entropy and free-energy dissipating irreversible processes generate and maintain these structures, these have been called dissipative structures. Our recent research revealed that some of these structures exhibit organism-like behavior, reinforcing the earlier expectation that the study of dissipative structures will provide insights into the nature of organisms and their origin. In this article, we summarize our study of organism-like behavior in electrically and chemically driven systems. The highly complex behavior of these systems shows the time evolution to states of higher entropy production. Using these systems as an example, we present some concepts that give us an understanding of biological organisms and their evolution.
非平衡系统中的自组织现象已被人们知晓五十多年了。在非平衡条件下，系统状态可能变得不稳定，并可能发生向组织结构的转变。这类结构包括化学反应振荡以及化学系统和其他系统中的时空模式。由于熵和自由能耗散的不可逆过程产生并维持了这些结构，所以它们被称为耗散结构。我们最近的研究表明，其中一些结构表现出类似生物体的行为，这进一步证实了之前的预期，即对耗散结构的研究将有助于深入了解生物体的本质及其起源。在本文中，我们总结了对电驱动和化学驱动系统中类似生物体行为的研究。这些系统的高度复杂行为显示出向更高熵产生状态的时间演化。以这些系统为例，我们提出了一些有助于理解生物有机体及其进化的概念。
