Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 27;22(5):2375. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052375.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy arising from terminally differentiated plasma cells. In the majority of cases, symptomatic disease is characterized by the presence of bone disease. Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) is a result of an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process that leads to increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. The molecular background of MMBD appears intriguingly complex, as several signaling pathways and cell-to-cell interactions are implicated in the pathophysiology of MMBD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of their target mRNAs. Numerous miRNAs have been witnessed to be involved in cancer and hematological malignancies and their role has been characterized either as oncogenic or oncosuppressive. Recently, scientific research turned towards miRNAs as regulators of MMBD. Scientific data support that miRNAs finely regulate the majority of the signaling pathways implicated in MMBD. In this review, we provide concise information regarding the molecular pathways with a significant role in MMBD and the miRNAs implicated in their regulation. Moreover, we discuss their utility as molecular biomarkers and highlight the putative usage of miRNAs as novel molecular targets for targeted therapy in MMBD.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种起源于终末分化浆细胞的常见血液恶性肿瘤。在大多数情况下，有症状的疾病以骨病为特征。多发性骨髓瘤骨病（MMBD）是骨重塑过程失衡的结果，导致破骨细胞活性增加和成骨细胞活性降低。MMBD 的分子背景似乎非常复杂，因为几个信号通路和细胞间相互作用都与 MMBD 的病理生理学有关。微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种调节其靶 mRNA 表达的小非编码 RNA 分子。大量 miRNA 被证实参与癌症和血液系统恶性肿瘤，其作用被认为是致癌的或抑癌的。最近，科学研究转向 miRNA 作为 MMBD 的调节因子。科学数据支持 miRNA 精细调节与 MMBD 相关的大多数信号通路。在这篇综述中，我们提供了有关在 MMBD 中具有重要作用的分子途径以及调节它们的 miRNA 的简明信息。此外，我们讨论了它们作为分子生物标志物的用途，并强调了 miRNA 作为 MMBD 靶向治疗新的分子靶点的潜在用途。
