Research and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Murcia, Spain.
Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 27;13(3):777. doi: 10.3390/nu13030777.
Complementary feeding (CF) is an important determinant of early and later life nutrition with great implications for the health status and the development of an adequate growth. Parents can choose between homemade foods (HMFs) and/or commercial infant foods (CIFs). There is no consistent evidence as to whether HMFs provide a better nutritional profile and variety over CIFs. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional profiles and food variety of HMFs versus CIFs in the Spanish market targeted for infants (6-11 months) and young children (12-18 months). Thirty mothers with their children aged 6 to 18 months were included in this cross-sectional study, following a 3-day weighed food diary of which HMFs were collected and chemically analyzed. HMFs meals for infant provided significantly lower energy, higher protein and higher fiber, for young children provided significantly higher protein and fiber than CIFs meals. HMFs fruit purees for infant shown significantly higher fiber and for young children provided higher energy than CIFs. HMFs meals contained a significantly greater number of different vegetables than CIFs meals (3.7 vs. 3.3), with carrot as the most frequently used in both. However, in CIFs fruit purees shown higher different fruits than HMFs, in both the banana was the fruit most frequently used. There was a predominance of meat and lack of oily fish and legumes in both HMFs and CIFs meals. HMFs and CIFs were equally characterized by a soft texture and yellow-orange colours. Importantly, our findings emphasize the need for clear guidelines for the preparation of HMFs as well as the promotion of food variety (taste and textures) in both HMFs and CIFs to suit infants' and young children's nutritional and developmental needs.
辅食（CF）是早期和后期营养的重要决定因素，对健康状况和适当生长发育有重大影响。父母可以在自制食品（HMFs）和/或商业婴儿食品（CIFs）之间进行选择。目前还没有一致的证据表明 HMFs 是否比 CIFs 提供更好的营养成分和种类。本研究旨在比较西班牙市场针对婴儿（6-11 个月）和幼儿（12-18 个月）的 HMFs 与 CIFs 的营养成分和食物种类。本横断面研究纳入了 30 名年龄在 6 至 18 个月的儿童及其母亲，连续 3 天记录食物摄入量，并对 HMFs 进行了收集和化学分析。与 CIFs 相比，婴儿 HMFs 餐提供的能量显著较低，蛋白质和纤维含量显著较高，幼儿 HMFs 餐提供的蛋白质和纤维含量显著较高。婴儿 HMFs 果泥的纤维含量显著较高，幼儿 HMFs 餐提供的能量也显著高于 CIFs。HMFs 餐中蔬菜种类明显多于 CIFs 餐（3.7 比 3.3），其中胡萝卜在两种餐中使用最多。然而，CIFs 中的水果泥显示出比 HMFs 更多不同的水果，香蕉是最常使用的水果。HMFs 和 CIFs 餐中均以肉类为主，缺乏油性鱼类和豆类。HMFs 和 CIFs 餐的质地均柔软，颜色呈黄色或橙色。重要的是，我们的研究结果强调需要为 HMFs 的制备制定明确的指南，并促进 HMFs 和 CIFs 中食物种类（口味和质地）的多样化，以满足婴儿和幼儿的营养和发育需求。
