Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt.
Arab Company for Pharmaceuticals and Medicinal Plants, (Mepaco-Medifood), AlSharqiya 11361, Egypt.
Molecules. 2021 Feb 27;26(5):1290. doi: 10.3390/molecules26051290.
Khella ( Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones.
The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents.
Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC < 20 µg/mL) for the SCFE and standard compounds (khellin and visnagin) (IC ranging between 12.54 ± 0.57 and 17.53 ± 1.03 µg/mL). However, ethanol and acetone extracts had moderate cytotoxic activity (IC 20-90 µg/mL) and aqueous extract had a weak activity (IC > 90 µg/mL).
Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
Khella（Lam.）果实（伞形科）富含呋喃色酮，主要为 khellin 和 visnagin，因此被纳入几种主要用于治疗肾结石的药物产品中。
本研究的目的是比较不同常规溶剂和超临界流体提取（SCFE）与二氧化碳（含 5%甲醇作为共溶剂）获得的 khellin 和 visnagin 的产量。选择水、丙酮和乙醇（30%和 95%）作为常规溶剂。
30%乙醇（15.44%）的提取率最高，而 SCFE 的提取率最低（4.50%）。然而，呋喃色酮的百分比在 SCFE 中最高（30.1%），在沸水提取物中最低（5.95%）。常规溶剂提取物的 HPLC 分析显示，由于溶剂提取的非选择性，超临界流体提取色谱图中未出现其他香豆素。对提取物以及标准 khellin 和 visnagin 进行了基于 Sulforhodamine B 的细胞毒性活性测试，采用乳腺癌（MCF-7）和肝癌（Hep G2）细胞系。结果表明，SCFE 和标准化合物（khellin 和 visnagin）具有很强的细胞毒性活性（IC <20μg/mL）（IC 范围在 12.54±0.57 至 17.53±1.03μg/mL 之间）。然而，乙醇和丙酮提取物具有中等细胞毒性活性（IC 20-90μg/mL），而水提取物活性较弱（IC>90μg/mL）。
因此，超临界流体提取是一种高效、相对安全且廉价的技术，可获得具有更好细胞毒性活性的更具选择性的纯化提取物。
