Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 27;18(5):2345. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052345.
Female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone play an important role in the regulation of a woman's body, including cognition and neurogenesis. However, the effects of age at menarche and reproductive period on cognitive function are still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between age at menarche and reproductive period with cognitive impairment. Data were obtained from the Taiwan Biobank. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and its five subdomains. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that an old age at menarche (per one year; coefficient β, -0.189; = 0.020) was significantly associated with a low total MMSE score, whereas reproductive period ( = 0.733) was not significantly associated with total MMSE score. Furthermore, an old age at menarche was significantly associated with low MMSE G2 (registration) (per one year; coefficient β, -0.022; = 0.035) and G5 (language, construction and obey) scores (per one year; coefficient β, -0.054; = 0.047). However, age at menarche was not significantly associated with MMSE G1 (orientation), G3 (attention and calculation) and G4 (recall) scores. In addition, reproductive period was not significantly associated with any MMSE subscores. Late menarche was associated with poor cognitive function, including low total MMSE score and low MMSE G2 and G5 scores. However, reproductive period was not associated with cognitive function in postmenopausal women.
女性性激素，如雌激素和孕激素，在调节女性身体方面发挥着重要作用，包括认知和神经发生。然而，初潮年龄和生育期对认知功能的影响仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨初潮年龄和生育期与认知障碍的关系。数据来自台湾生物银行。认知功能采用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）及其五个子域进行评估。多变量线性回归分析显示，初潮年龄较大（每增加一年；β系数，-0.189；p = 0.020）与总 MMSE 评分较低显著相关，而生育期（p = 0.733）与总 MMSE 评分无显著相关性。此外，初潮年龄较大与 MMSE G2（登记）（每增加一年；β系数，-0.022；p = 0.035）和 G5（语言、结构和服从）得分较低（每增加一年；β系数，-0.054；p = 0.047）显著相关。然而，初潮年龄与 MMSE G1（定向）、G3（注意力和计算）和 G4（回忆）得分无显著相关性。此外，生育期与任何 MMSE 子评分均无显著相关性。晚初潮与认知功能差有关，包括总 MMSE 评分低和 MMSE G2 和 G5 评分低。然而，生育期与绝经后妇女的认知功能无关。
