John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2021 Apr;60:102013. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102013. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
Genetic approaches to modify starch in crops have been limited by our knowledge of starch biosynthesis. Recent advances in Arabidopsis have revealed key genetic components determining the size, shape and number of granules in a plastid. This has opened the doors to new discoveries on granule initiation in crop species. In parallel, advances in genomic resources and gene editing technologies allow targeted manipulation of starch biosynthesis genes in isogenic crop backgrounds. Such technologies have been successfully deployed to alter starch composition, and can now be used to modify other starch traits. This will allow the complex relationships between starch structure and physicochemical properties to be elucidated, which will facilitate the rational manipulation of starches in crops.
遗传方法在作物淀粉的修饰方面受到我们对淀粉生物合成知识的限制。最近在拟南芥中取得的进展揭示了决定质体中颗粒大小、形状和数量的关键遗传组成部分。这为在作物物种中发现新的颗粒起始提供了机会。与此同时，基因组资源和基因编辑技术的进步使得在同基因作物背景中靶向操纵淀粉生物合成基因成为可能。这些技术已成功用于改变淀粉组成，现在可以用于修饰其他淀粉特性。这将使淀粉结构与物理化学性质之间的复杂关系得以阐明，从而有助于在作物中对淀粉进行合理的操作。
