Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Feb 19;11:531796. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.531796. eCollection 2020.
Abnormal glucose regulation, which can present as diabetes and prediabetes, has become one of the most common chronic conditions. However, sex differences in the prevalence of and factors associated with abnormal glucose regulation remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore sex differences in the prevalence of and factors associated with abnormal glucose regulation in low-income adults in China aged ≥50 years with normal fasting plasma glucose levels.
A total of 2,175 individuals aged ≥50 years with normal fasting plasma glucose levels were recruited into this study. After an overnight fast of at least 10 h, individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting and 2-h plasma glucose levels were measured to determine the state of glucose regulation.
Women were more likely than men to have isolated-impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT) overall (24.7% vs 20.8%; P= 0.034), among individuals aged <65 years (21.7% vs 15.9%; P= 0.012). Among men, independent risk factors for i-IGT were an age of ≥65 years, hypertension, and high serum uric acid (SUA) and triglyceride levels; independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus (DM) were an age of ≥75 years and alcohol consumption. Among women, independent risk factors for i-IGT were central obesity and high levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and SUA; independent risk factors for DM were low education and an elevated white blood cell count.
Our findings suggest that conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors (i.e., age, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) associated with high risk of developing DM in men, but poor life style (i.e., obesity) and low education attainment in women. It is necessary for delay or stopping the development of DM among low-income adults in China to implement the personalized scheme of prevention DM between men and women, especially highlight control the risk factors in young and middle aged women.
异常的葡萄糖调节，表现为糖尿病和糖尿病前期，已成为最常见的慢性疾病之一。然而，异常葡萄糖调节在性别之间的流行率和相关因素仍不清楚。因此，我们旨在探讨在中国收入较低的年龄≥50 岁、空腹血糖正常的成年人中，异常葡萄糖调节的流行率和相关因素在性别之间的差异。
本研究共纳入 2175 名年龄≥50 岁、空腹血糖正常的个体。禁食至少 10 小时后，个体进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验。测量空腹和 2 小时血浆葡萄糖水平，以确定葡萄糖调节状态。
总体而言，女性比男性更有可能出现孤立性糖耐量受损（i-IGT）（24.7%比 20.8%；P=0.034），在年龄<65 岁的个体中（21.7%比 15.9%；P=0.012）。在男性中，i-IGT 的独立危险因素是年龄≥65 岁、高血压以及高血清尿酸（SUA）和甘油三酯水平；糖尿病（DM）的独立危险因素是年龄≥75 岁和饮酒。在女性中，i-IGT 的独立危险因素是中心性肥胖以及高敏 C 反应蛋白和 SUA 水平；DM 的独立危险因素是低教育程度和白细胞计数升高。
我们的研究结果表明，传统心血管疾病危险因素（即年龄、高血压和血脂异常）与男性发生 DM 的高风险相关，但女性的不良生活方式（即肥胖）和低教育程度也与 DM 相关。对于中国低收入成年人，需要实施针对男性和女性的个性化 DM 预防方案，以延迟或阻止 DM 的发生，特别是要强调控制年轻和中年女性的危险因素。
