Ali Ikram, Liu Ke, Long Danfeng, Faisal Shah, Hilal Mian Gul, Ali Izhar, Huang Xiaodan, Long Ruijun
School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Feb 18;12:642999. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.642999. eCollection 2021.
The structure and diversity of human gut microbiota are directly related to diet, though less is known about the influences of ethnicity and diet-related behaviors, such as fasting (intermittent caloric restriction). In this study, we investigated whether fasting for Ramadan altered the microbiota in Chinese and Pakistani individuals. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and self-reported dietary intake surveys, we determined that both the microbiota and dietary composition were significantly different with little overlap between ethnic groups. Principal Coordinate Analyses (PCoA) comparison of samples collected from both groups before and after fasting showed partial separation of microbiota related to fasting in the Pakistani group, but not in the Chinese group. Measurement of alpha diversity showed that Ramadan fasting significantly altered the coverage and ACE indices among Chinese subjects, but otherwise incurred no changes among either group. Specifically, and drove predominance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the Pakistani group, while (phylum Bacteroidetes) were the most prevalent among Chinese participants both before and after fasting. We observed significant enrichment of some specific taxa and depletion of others in individuals of both populations, suggesting that fasting could affect beta diversity. Notably, , and were more abundant in the Chinese group after fasting, while , and were significantly enriched after fasting in the Pakistani group. Evaluation of the combined groups showed that genera , and were all significantly decreased after fasting. Analysis of food intake and macronutrient energy sources showed that fat-derived energy was positively associated with and , but negatively associated with In addition, the consumption of sweets was significantly positively correlated with the prevalence of Our study indicated that diet was the most significant influence on microbiota, and correlated with ethnic groups, while fasting led to enrichment of specific bacterial taxa in some individuals. Given the dearth of understanding about the impacts of fasting on microbiota, our results provide valuable inroads for future study aimed at novel, personalized, behavior-based treatments targeting specific gut microbes for prevention or treatment of digestive disorders.
人类肠道微生物群的结构和多样性与饮食直接相关，不过关于种族和饮食相关行为（如禁食，即间歇性热量限制）的影响，我们了解得较少。在本研究中，我们调查了斋月禁食是否会改变中国和巴基斯坦个体的微生物群。通过高通量16S rRNA基因测序和自我报告的饮食摄入量调查，我们确定微生物群和饮食组成在不同种族群体之间存在显著差异，几乎没有重叠。对两组在禁食前后采集的样本进行主坐标分析（PCoA）比较显示，巴基斯坦群体中与禁食相关的微生物群出现了部分分离，而中国群体中则没有。α多样性测量结果表明，斋月禁食显著改变了中国受试者的覆盖度和ACE指数，但在其他方面两组均未发生变化。具体而言，[此处原文缺失部分信息]促使巴基斯坦群体中拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门占主导地位，而在中国参与者中，无论禁食前后[此处原文缺失部分信息]（拟杆菌门）都是最普遍的。我们观察到两个群体个体中一些特定分类群显著富集，而另一些则减少，这表明禁食可能会影响β多样性。值得注意的是，禁食后中国群体中[此处原文缺失部分信息]、[此处原文缺失部分信息]和[此处原文缺失部分信息]更为丰富；而禁食后巴基斯坦群体中[此处原文缺失部分信息]、[此处原文缺失部分信息]和[此处原文缺失部分信息]显著富集。对合并组的评估显示，禁食后[此处原文缺失部分信息]、[此处原文缺失部分信息]和[此处原文缺失部分信息]属均显著减少。食物摄入量和宏量营养素能量来源分析表明，脂肪衍生能量与[此处原文缺失部分信息]和[此处原文缺失部分信息]呈正相关，但与[此处原文缺失部分信息]呈负相关。此外，甜食的摄入量与[此处原文缺失部分信息]的患病率显著正相关。我们的研究表明，饮食对微生物群的影响最为显著，且与种族群体相关，而禁食会导致部分个体中特定细菌分类群的富集。鉴于对禁食对微生物群影响的了解匮乏，我们的研究结果为未来旨在针对特定肠道微生物进行新型、个性化、基于行为的预防或治疗消化系统疾病的研究提供了有价值的切入点。
