Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
J Environ Public Health. 2021 Feb 24;2021:9105953. doi: 10.1155/2021/9105953. eCollection 2021.
Physical activity is important for children's health and wellbeing, yet participation declines across teenage years. It is important to understand the mechanisms that could support adolescents to maintain physical activity participation. The aim of this study was firstly to examine change in sports and nonsports activities over two years during adolescence. Secondly, we explored possible predictors of physical activity and sports participation after two years. . A longitudinal cohort study was conducted between 2011 and 2013. Our data were collected from 1225 Norwegian adolescents who were followed over a two-year period, from 6th to 8th grade (11 to 13 years) and from 8th to 10th grade (13 to 15 years). We examined the relations between physical activity and predictors such as peer support, parent support, socioeconomic status (SES), attitude towards physical education, active transportation to school, self-rated health, body image, and change of nonsports activities. We used linear regression analyses and binary logistic regression to explore possible predictors of physical activity and sports participation after two years. . We found a significant reduction in sports participation during early adolescence, most pronounced, from 8th to 10th grade (from 13 to 15 years). Factors which predicted physical activity after two years were a positive attitude towards physical education, perceived support from parents, if the student travelled to school in an active way (by walk or bicycle) and also how the student rated his/her own health. The last three factors also predicted improvements of physical activity during the two years. Possible predictors of persisting or starting doing sports were increasing levels of self-rated health, increasing socioeconomic status, whereas increasing engagement in nonsports activities predicted reduced participation in sports. . Health promotive efforts aiming at increasing active school transportation, parental support, and subjective health seem important for maintenance of physical activity and sports participation during adolescence. Attitudes may improve by adapting physical education to individual needs and interests and can function as an additional promotive factor.
身体活动对儿童的健康和幸福至关重要，但青少年时期的参与度却在下降。了解支持青少年保持身体活动参与度的机制非常重要。本研究的目的首先是在青少年时期的两年内检查体育和非体育活动的变化。其次，我们探讨了两年后身体活动和体育参与的可能预测因素。这是一项在 2011 年至 2013 年期间进行的纵向队列研究。我们的数据来自 1225 名挪威青少年，他们在两年内（从 6 年级到 8 年级（11 至 13 岁）和从 8 年级到 10 年级（13 至 15 岁））进行了跟踪调查。我们检查了身体活动与同伴支持、父母支持、社会经济地位（SES）、对体育教育的态度、主动上学交通方式、自我报告的健康状况、身体形象以及非体育活动变化等预测因素之间的关系。我们使用线性回归分析和二元逻辑回归来探索两年后身体活动和体育参与的可能预测因素。我们发现，在青少年早期，体育参与显著减少，最明显的是从 8 年级到 10 年级（从 13 岁到 15 岁）。两年后预测身体活动的因素包括对体育教育的积极态度、父母的支持、如果学生以积极的方式（步行或骑自行车）上学以及学生对自己健康的评价。后三个因素也预测了两年内身体活动的改善。自我报告的健康状况提高、社会经济地位提高，以及非体育活动参与度增加，这些都是持续或开始从事体育活动的可能预测因素。非体育活动参与度增加则预测体育参与度降低。提高主动上学交通、父母支持和主观健康的健康促进措施对于维持青少年时期的身体活动和体育参与度似乎很重要。适应个人需求和兴趣的体育教育可以改善态度，并作为额外的促进因素。
