Pak J Biol Sci. 2021 Jan;24(1):53-65. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.53.65.
Postharvest disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. caused major losses. The species of Colletotrichum are difficult to distinguish if only seen from their morphology. This study investigated Colletotrichum isolates associated with tropical fruits anthracnose using multi-genetic analysis and the cross-infection potency of each isolate among tropical fruits.
The fruit samples were collected from markets in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia and its surrounding area. The fruits affected by anthracnose subjected to isolation, resulting in 15 isolates. Morphology of colony and conidia then characterized and clustered with UPGMA. The seven representative isolates were selected for molecular identification. The multi-genetic analysis was used by combining ITS, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and tub2 sequence genes. A cross-infection test was conducted by using selected species from the multi-genetic analysis.
Multi-genetic analysis clustered the selected isolates into four species. Isolates from banana, avocado, papaya and citrus belonged to gloeosporioides species complex, including C. siamense, C. asianum and C. gloeosporioides. Isolates from apple, guava, mango and citrus belonged to acutatum species complex, including C. sloanei. The cross-infection test in this study showed that C. siamense could cause anthracnose on banana, apple, citrus and avocado, C. asianum on avocado, papaya, apple and citrus, C. gloeosporioides on citrus and apple, C. sloanei on apple, guava, citrus and papaya.
The C. siamense, C. asianum, C. gloeosporioides and C. sloanei found associated with tropical fruits anthracnose. The potency of the cross-infection test revealed the board range in the pathogenicity of the Colletotrichum isolates.
炭疽病是由炭疽菌引起的采后病害，会造成重大损失。仅从形态上看，炭疽菌的种类很难区分。本研究采用多基因分析和各分离株对热带水果的交叉感染能力，调查了与热带水果炭疽病有关的炭疽菌分离株。
从印度尼西亚日惹特区及其周边市场采集受炭疽病影响的水果样本。对受炭疽病影响的水果进行分离，得到 15 个分离株。然后对菌落形态和分生孢子进行描述和聚类分析。选择 7 个有代表性的分离株进行分子鉴定。采用 ITS、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（gapdh）和 tub2 序列基因相结合的多基因分析。通过多基因分析选择的物种进行交叉感染试验。
多基因分析将所选分离株聚类为四个种。香蕉、鳄梨、木瓜和柑橘的分离株属于胶孢炭疽菌种复合体，包括 C. siamense、C. asianum 和 C. gloeosporioides。苹果、番石榴、芒果和柑橘的分离株属于炭疽菌 acutatum 种复合体，包括 C. sloanei。本研究的交叉感染试验表明，C. siamense 可引起香蕉、苹果、柑橘和鳄梨炭疽病，C. asianum 可引起鳄梨、木瓜、苹果和柑橘炭疽病，C. gloeosporioides 可引起柑橘和苹果炭疽病，C. sloanei 可引起苹果、番石榴、柑橘和木瓜炭疽病。
发现与热带水果炭疽病相关的炭疽菌有 C. siamense、C. asianum、C. gloeosporioides 和 C. sloanei。交叉感染试验的效力表明，炭疽菌分离株的致病性范围很广。
