Alkhathami Mohammed G, Advani Shailesh M, Abalkhail Adil A, Alkhathami Fahad M, Alshehri Mohammed K, Albeashy Ebtisam E, Alsalamah Jihad A
Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
Lung India. 2021 Mar;38(Supplement):S31-S40. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_497_20.
COVID-19 infections are seen across all age groups, but they have shown to have a predisposition for the elderly and those with underlying comorbidities. Patients with severe COVID-19 infections and comorbidities are more prone to respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilator use, and ultimately succumb to these complications. Little evidence exists of the prevalence of underlying lung comorbidities among COVID-19 patients and associated mortality. We performed a systematic review of the literature including PubMed (Medline), Embase (Ovid), Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. The last date for our search was April 29, 2020. We included all original research articles on COVID-19 and calculated prevalence of chronic lung disease patients among COVID-19 patients using random effects model. Further, we assessed for mortality rates among COVID-19 patients associated with these lung comorbidities. The authors identified 29 articles that reported prevalence of chronic lung conditions among COVID-19 patients. Among those, 26 were from China and 3 from the United States. The pooled prevalence of lung comorbidities including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer was 3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0%-14%), 2.2% (95% CI = 0.02%-0.03%), and 2.1% (95% CI = 0.00%-0.21%), respectively. Mortality rates associated with these comorbidities was 30% (41/137) for COPD and 19% (7/37) for lung cancer respectively. No mortality rates were reported for patients with asthma. This study offers latest evidence of prevalence of chronic lung conditions among patients with COVID-19. Asthma, followed by COPD and lung cancer, was the most common lung comorbidity associated with COVID-19, while the higher mortality rate was found in COPD. Future studies are needed to assess other lung comorbidities and associated mortality among patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
各个年龄组均有新冠病毒感染病例，但研究表明，老年人和有基础合并症的人群更容易感染。患有重症新冠病毒感染和合并症的患者更容易出现呼吸窘迫综合征、使用机械通气，最终死于这些并发症。关于新冠病毒患者潜在肺部合并症的患病率及其相关死亡率，目前证据较少。我们对包括PubMed（医学索引数据库）、Embase（循证医学数据库）、谷歌学术和考克兰图书馆在内的文献进行了系统综述。我们检索的最后日期为2020年4月29日。我们纳入了所有关于新冠病毒的原创研究文章，并使用随机效应模型计算新冠病毒患者中慢性肺病患者的患病率。此外，我们评估了与这些肺部合并症相关的新冠病毒患者的死亡率。作者共识别出29篇报告新冠病毒患者慢性肺部疾病患病率的文章。其中，26篇来自中国，3篇来自美国。包括哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和肺癌在内的肺部合并症的合并患病率分别为3%（95%置信区间[CI]=0%-14%）、2.2%（95%CI=0.02%-0.03%）和2.1%（95%CI=0.00%-0.21%）。与这些合并症相关的死亡率，COPD为30%（41/137），肺癌为19%（7/37）。未报告哮喘患者的死亡率。本研究提供了新冠病毒患者慢性肺部疾病患病率的最新证据。哮喘是与新冠病毒相关的最常见肺部合并症，其次是COPD和肺癌，而COPD患者的死亡率更高。未来需要开展研究，以评估新冠病毒确诊患者的其他肺部合并症及其相关死亡率。
