São Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2021 Mar 1;16:1601-1616. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S287415. eCollection 2021.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is responsible, where about 1 in 6 deaths in the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective antitumor agents that are targeted only to the specific site of the tumor to improve the efficiency of cancer diagnosis and treatment and, consequently, limit the unwanted systemic side effects currently obtained by the use of chemotherapeutic agents. In this context, due to its unique physical and chemical properties of graphene oxide (GO), it has attracted interest in biomedicine for cancer therapy.
In this study, we report the in vivo application of nanocomposites based on Graphene Oxide (nc-GO) with surface modified with PEG-folic acid, Rhodamine B and Indocyanine Green. In addition to displaying red fluorescence spectra Rhodamine B as the fluorescent label), in vivo experiments were performed using nc-GO to apply Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photothermal Therapy (PTT) in the treatment of Ehrlich tumors in mice using NIR light (808 nm 1.8 W/cm2).
This study based on fluorescence images was performed in the tumor in order to obtain the highest concentration of nc-GO in the tumor as a function of time (time after intraperitoneal injection). The time obtained was used for the efficient treatment of the tumor by PDT/PTT.
The current study shows an example of successful using nc-GO nanocomposites as a theranostic nanomedicine to perform simultaneously in vivo fluorescence diagnostic as well as combined PDT-PTT effects for cancer treatments.
癌症是全球第二大致死原因，占全球死亡人数的 1/6 左右。因此，需要开发仅针对肿瘤特定部位的有效抗肿瘤药物，以提高癌症诊断和治疗的效率，并因此限制目前使用化疗药物所获得的不必要的全身副作用。在这种情况下，由于氧化石墨烯（GO）独特的物理和化学性质，它在癌症治疗的生物医学领域引起了兴趣。
在这项研究中，我们报告了基于氧化石墨烯（nc-GO）的纳米复合材料的体内应用，该纳米复合材料的表面经过聚乙二醇-叶酸、罗丹明 B 和吲哚菁绿的修饰。除了显示罗丹明 B 作为荧光标记的红色荧光光谱外，还使用 nc-GO 进行体内实验，在使用 NIR 光（808nm，1.8W/cm2）的情况下对小鼠的 Ehrlich 肿瘤进行光动力疗法（PDT）和光热疗法（PTT）治疗。
这项基于荧光图像的研究是在肿瘤中进行的，以便获得作为时间函数（腹腔注射后）肿瘤中 nc-GO 的最高浓度。所获得的时间用于通过 PDT/PTT 对肿瘤进行有效的治疗。
目前的研究展示了成功使用 nc-GO 纳米复合材料作为治疗诊断纳米医学的一个例子，同时进行体内荧光诊断以及联合 PDT-PTT 效应以治疗癌症。
