Parvin Nargish, Kumar Vineet, Mandal Tapas Kumar, Joo Sang Woo
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Aug 14;15(8):226. doi: 10.3390/jfb15080226.
This review explores the latest advancements in nanoporous materials and their applications in biomedical imaging and diagnostics. Nanoporous materials possess unique structural features, including high surface area, tunable pore size, and versatile surface chemistry, making them highly promising platforms for a range of biomedical applications. This review begins by providing an overview of the various types of nanoporous materials, including mesoporous silica nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials, and nanoporous gold. The synthesis method for each material, their current research trends, and prospects are discussed in detail. Furthermore, this review delves into the functionalization and surface modification techniques employed to tailor nanoporous materials for specific biomedical imaging applications. This section covers chemical functionalization, bioconjugation strategies, and surface coating and encapsulation methods. Additionally, this review examines the diverse biomedical imaging techniques enabled by nanoporous materials, such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) imaging, ultrasound imaging, and multimodal imaging. The mechanisms underlying these imaging techniques, their diagnostic applications, and their efficacy in clinical settings are thoroughly explored. Through an extensive analysis of recent research findings and emerging trends, this review underscores the transformative potential of nanoporous materials in advancing biomedical imaging and diagnostics. The integration of interdisciplinary approaches, innovative synthesis techniques, and functionalization strategies offers promising avenues for the development of next-generation imaging agents and diagnostic tools with enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and biocompatibility.
本综述探讨了纳米多孔材料的最新进展及其在生物医学成像和诊断中的应用。纳米多孔材料具有独特的结构特征，包括高比表面积、可调孔径和多样的表面化学性质，使其成为一系列生物医学应用中极具前景的平台。本综述首先概述了各种类型的纳米多孔材料，包括介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒、金属有机框架、碳基材料和纳米多孔金。详细讨论了每种材料的合成方法、当前的研究趋势和前景。此外，本综述深入探讨了为特定生物医学成像应用定制纳米多孔材料所采用的功能化和表面改性技术。本节涵盖化学功能化、生物共轭策略以及表面涂层和封装方法。此外，本综述研究了纳米多孔材料实现的多种生物医学成像技术，如荧光成像、磁共振成像（MRI）、计算机断层扫描（CT）成像、超声成像和多模态成像。深入探讨了这些成像技术的潜在机制、诊断应用及其在临床环境中的功效。通过对近期研究成果和新兴趋势的广泛分析，本综述强调了纳米多孔材料在推进生物医学成像和诊断方面的变革潜力。跨学科方法、创新合成技术和功能化策略的整合为开发具有更高灵敏度、特异性和生物相容性的下一代成像剂和诊断工具提供了有前景的途径。
