Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Washington Poison Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021 Nov;59(11):1002-1008. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1892716. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
To describe trends in abuse, misuse, and suicide attempts involving diphenhydramine (DPH).
We analyzed intentional DPH exposures of individuals ≥10 years old reported to U.S. Poison Control Centers using data from the National Poison Data System, 2005-2016.
There were 158,774 intentional DPH exposures in our dataset. The rate of intentional exposures increased 63% over the 12-year study period for all ages combined. Suicide attempts involving DPH showed a bimodal distribution-increasing 263% among children 10-14 years of age, and 126 and 143% among those 55-64 and ≥65 years of age, respectively. Older adults in both the 55-64 and ≥65-year-old age groups had about a 230% increase in rates of misuse. Major adverse clinical effects increased by 91%. There were 745 total reported deaths with a 3.6% increase across all age groups.
Intentional DPH exposures among individuals ≥10 years old have been increasing since 2005. Increasing rates of suicide attempts among children ages 10-14 and increasing misuse among individuals ≥65, coupled with a trend toward greater severity of overdoses, highlight the significant public health impact of this commonly available over-the-counter drug.
描述涉及苯海拉明（DPH）的滥用、误用和自杀企图的趋势。
我们分析了 2005 年至 2016 年美国中毒控制中心报告的≥10 岁个体有意摄入 DPH 的情况，数据来自国家毒物数据系统。
在我们的数据集里，有 158774 例有意摄入 DPH。在 12 年的研究期间，所有年龄段的故意暴露率增加了 63%。涉及 DPH 的自杀企图呈双峰分布——10-14 岁儿童增加了 263%，55-64 岁和≥65 岁的人群分别增加了 126%和 143%。55-64 岁和≥65 岁这两个年龄组的老年人误用率增加了约 230%。主要不良临床效应增加了 91%。共有 745 例总报告死亡，所有年龄组的死亡率增加了 3.6%。
自 2005 年以来，≥10 岁个体的有意 DPH 暴露一直在增加。10-14 岁儿童自杀企图率的上升和≥65 岁人群误用率的上升，加上药物过量严重程度呈上升趋势，突出了这种常见的非处方药物对公共健康的重大影响。
