Instituto do Desenvolvimento Rural (IDR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Soja), Caixa Postal 231, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86001-970, Brazil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2021 Jun;50(3):462-469. doi: 10.1007/s13744-021-00857-3. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
This work aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on the emergence of Telenomus podisi throughout the soybean development cycle, using encapsulated and unprotected pupae releases, in four different possible locations where pupae can be deposited during release. The trial was carried out in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme: two parasitoid pupae release strategies (encapsulated and unprotected) × four pupae locations (between soybean lines of planting, bottom third, middle third, or upper third of plant canopy) with 5 replicates. There were no significant interactions between the studied factors. In the vegetative stage (V and V), a smaller percentage of emergence of parasitoid adults was observed between soybean lines of planting (37.1% and 23.4% for V and V , respectively). The highest maximum temperatures were recorded between the soybean lines, with the greatest variations in maximum and minimum temperatures (55.2°C and 21.3°C) in V and (52.8°C and 23.9°C) in V. In the reproductive stages (R, R, and R), the observed temperatures were lower when compared to those observed in the vegetative stages (V and V), with no difference in the emergence of parasitoid adults, which was above 70% in stage R and above 80% in R and R. Regarding the pupae (encapsulated or unprotected), both allowed similar adult emergence. Therefore, it can be concluded that both unprotected and encapsulated pupae can be released, but those releases during the soybean vegetative development stage should be avoided due to the high temperatures to which pupae can be exposed.
本研究旨在评估温度对大豆发育周期中 Telenomus podisi 出现的影响，使用封装和未保护的蛹释放，并在释放过程中蛹可能沉积的四个不同可能位置进行。试验采用随机区组设计，2×4 析因方案：两种寄生蜂蛹释放策略（封装和未保护）×四个蛹位置（在种植行之间、底部三分之一、中部三分之一或植株冠层的上部三分之一），重复 5 次。研究因素之间没有显著的相互作用。在营养生长阶段（V 和 V），在种植行之间观察到的寄生蜂成虫羽化率较小（V 和 V 分别为 37.1%和 23.4%）。最高温度记录在种植行之间，最大和最小温度变化最大（V 为 55.2°C 和 21.3°C，V 为 52.8°C 和 23.9°C）。在生殖阶段（R、R 和 R），与营养生长阶段（V 和 V）相比，观察到的温度较低，但寄生蜂成虫的羽化率没有差异，在 R 阶段超过 70%，在 R 和 R 阶段超过 80%。关于蛹（封装或未保护），两者都允许相似的成虫羽化。因此，可以得出结论，未保护和封装的蛹都可以释放，但由于蛹可能暴露在高温下，应避免在大豆营养生长发育阶段释放。
