Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Jun 18;64(6S):2223-2233. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00269. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
Purpose This study investigated phonological and speech motor neural networks in children with residual speech sound disorder (RSSD) during an overt Syllable Repetition Task (SRT). Method Sixteen children with RSSD with /ɹ/ errors (6F [female]; ages 8;0-12;6 [years;months]) and 16 children with typically developing speech (TD; 8F; ages 8;5-13;7) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. Children performed the SRT ("SRT-Early Sounds") with the phonemes /b, d, m, n, ɑ/ and an adapted version ("SRT-Late Sounds") with the phonemes /ɹ, s, l, tʃ, ɑ/. We compared the functional activation and transcribed production accuracy of the RSSD and TD groups during both conditions. Expected errors were not scored as inaccurate. Results No between-group or within-group differences in repetition accuracy were found on the SRT-Early Sounds or SRT-Late Sounds tasks at any syllable sequence length. On a first-level analysis of the tasks, the TD group showed expected patterns of activation for both the SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds, including activation in the left primary motor cortex, left premotor cortex, bilateral anterior cingulate, bilateral primary auditory cortex, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral insula. The RSSD group showed similar activation when correcting for multiple comparisons. In further exploratory analyses, we observed the following subthreshold patterns: (a) On the SRT-Early Sounds, greater activation was found in the left premotor cortex for the RSSD group, while greater activation was found in the left cerebellum for the TD group; (b) on the SRT-Late Sounds, a small area of greater activation was found in the right cerebellum for the RSSD group. No within-group functional differences were observed (SRT-Early Sounds vs. SRT-Late Sounds) for either group. Conclusions Performance was similar between groups, and likewise, we found that functional activation did not differ. Observed functional differences in previous studies may reflect differences in task performance, rather than fundamental differences in neural mechanisms for syllable repetition.
目的 本研究在显性音节重复任务（SRT）中调查了有残余语音障碍（RSSD）的儿童的语音和言语运动神经网络。
方法 16 名有 /ɹ/错误的 RSSD 儿童（6 名女性；年龄 8；0-12；6 [岁；月]）和 16 名言语发育正常的儿童（TD；8 名女性；年龄 8；5-13；7）完成了一项功能磁共振成像实验。儿童执行 SRT（“早期音节 SRT”），音素为 /b、d、m、n、ɑ/，以及改编后的版本（“晚期音节 SRT”），音素为 /ɹ、s、l、tʃ、ɑ/。我们比较了 RSSD 和 TD 组在两种条件下的功能激活和转录产生的准确性。预期错误不计为不准确。
结果 在任何音节序列长度上，SRT-Early Sounds 或 SRT-Late Sounds 任务中，两组之间或组内的重复准确性均无差异。在任务的一级分析中，TD 组对 SRT-Early Sounds 和 SRT-Late Sounds 都表现出预期的激活模式，包括左初级运动皮层、左前运动皮层、双侧前扣带、双侧初级听觉皮层、双侧颞上回和双侧脑岛的激活。RSSD 组在进行多次比较校正后也表现出类似的激活。在进一步的探索性分析中，我们观察到以下亚阈值模式：（a）在 SRT-Early Sounds 上，RSSD 组的左前运动皮层的激活更强，而 TD 组的左小脑的激活更强；（b）在 SRT-Late Sounds 上，RSSD 组的右小脑有一个较小的激活区域。两组均未观察到组内功能差异（SRT-Early Sounds 与 SRT-Late Sounds）。
结论 两组的表现相似，同样，我们发现功能激活没有差异。先前研究中观察到的功能差异可能反映了任务表现的差异，而不是音节重复的神经机制的根本差异。
