Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2021 Apr;48:100939. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100939. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
The profound effects of child maltreatment on brain functioning have been documented. Yet, little is known about whether distinct maltreatment experiences are differentially related to underlying neural processes of risky decision making: valuation and control. Using conditional growth curve modeling, we compared a cumulative approach versus a dimensional approach (relative effects of abuse and neglect) to examine the link between child maltreatment and brain development. The sample included 167 adolescents (13-14 years at Time 1, 53 % male), assessed annually four times. Risk processing was assessed by blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses (BOLD) during a lottery choice task, and cognitive control by BOLD responses during the Multi-Source Interference Task. Cumulative maltreatment effects on insula and dorsolateral anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation during risk processing were not significant. However, neglect (but not abuse) was associated with slower developmental increases in insula and dACC activation. In contrast, cumulative maltreatment effects on fronto-parietal activation during cognitive control were significant, and abuse (but not neglect) was associated with steeper developmental decreases in fronto-parietal activation. The results suggest neglect effects on detrimental neurodevelopment of the valuation system and abuse effects on accelerated neurodevelopment of the control system, highlighting differential effects of distinct neglect versus abuse adverse experiences on neurodevelopment.
儿童虐待对大脑功能的深远影响已被记录在案。然而，人们对不同的虐待经历是否与风险决策的潜在神经过程（估值和控制）有差异相关知之甚少：使用条件增长曲线建模，我们比较了累积方法和维度方法（虐待和忽视的相对影响），以研究儿童虐待与大脑发育之间的联系。该样本包括 167 名青少年（第一次评估时年龄在 13-14 岁，53%为男性），每年评估四次。通过血氧水平依赖反应（BOLD）在彩票选择任务中评估风险处理，通过 BOLD 反应在多源干扰任务中评估认知控制。累积虐待对风险处理过程中岛叶和背外侧前扣带皮层（dACC）激活的影响不显著。然而，忽视（而非虐待）与岛叶和 dACC 激活的发育性增加速度较慢有关。相比之下，认知控制过程中前额顶叶激活的累积虐待效应显著，虐待（而非忽视）与前额顶叶激活的发育性下降速度加快有关。研究结果表明，忽视对估值系统的有害神经发育有影响，而虐待对控制系统的加速神经发育有影响，突出了不同的忽视和虐待不良经历对神经发育的不同影响。
