Kagaruki Gibson B, Mahande Michael J, Kimaro Godfather D, Ngadaya Esther S, Mayige T Mary, Selemani Majige, Jaacks Lindsay M, Jaffar Shabbar, Mfinanaga Sayoki G, Bonfoh Bassirou
Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Tukuyu Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania.
Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Mar 5;14:1011-1024. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S287999. eCollection 2021.
Regular street food consumers (RSFCs) in Africa are at an increased risk of unhealthy eating practices, which have been associated with intermediate risk factors of cardio-metabolic diseases. However, knowledge of the magnitude and correlates of these risk factors is limited in Tanzania. This study aimed to fill this gap using data collected from RSFCs in Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania.
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 560 RSFCs in three districts of Dar es Salaam between July and September 2018. Information on socio-economic factors and demographics, behavioral risks, anthropometric and biochemical indicators was collected. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and prevalence ratio (PR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable binary logistic and modified Poisson regression models, respectively.
On average, participants consumed 11 street food meals/week. The prevalence (95% CI) of cardio-metabolic risk factors was 63.9% (60.6-69.9%) for overweight/obesity, 42.5% (38.3-46.9%) for raised blood pressure, 13.5% (10.9-16.8%) for raised triglycerides and 6.6% (4.9-9.3%) for raised glucose levels. The correlates of overweight/obesity were female vs male sex (APR=1.3; 95% CI 1.2-1.5), age of 41-64 vs 25-40 years (APR=1.4; 95% CI 1.2-1.6), high vs low income (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.04-1.3), being married/cohabiting vs other (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.01-1.4) and family history of diabetes vs no family history (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.01-1.3). Age 41-64 vs 25-40 years, was the only significant factor associated with raised blood pressure APR (95% CI) 2.2 (1.7-2.9) and raised glucose AOR (95% CI) 3.9 (1.5-10.5).
Our study revealed that RSFCs are at risk of cardio-metabolic health problems, especially women, middle-aged people and those with higher incomes. Transdisciplinary studies to understand the drivers of street food consumption are needed in order to inform interventions to mitigate the risk of developing cardio-metabolic diseases. These interventions should target both street food vendors and their consumers.
非洲的街头食品常客面临不健康饮食习惯风险增加的问题，这些习惯与心血管代谢疾病的中间风险因素相关。然而，在坦桑尼亚，对这些风险因素的严重程度及其相关因素的了解有限。本研究旨在利用从坦桑尼亚最大城市达累斯萨拉姆的街头食品常客收集的数据填补这一空白。
2018年7月至9月期间，在达累斯萨拉姆的三个区对560名街头食品常客进行了一项横断面研究。收集了有关社会经济因素和人口统计学、行为风险、人体测量和生化指标的信息。分别使用多变量二元逻辑回归模型和修正泊松回归模型估计调整后的优势比（OR）和患病率比（PR）以及相应的95%置信区间（CI）。
参与者平均每周食用11顿街头食品。超重/肥胖的心血管代谢风险因素患病率（95%CI）为63.9%（60.6 - 69.9%），高血压患病率为42.5%（38.3 - 46.9%），甘油三酯升高患病率为13.5%（10.9 - 16.8%），血糖升高患病率为6.6%（4.9 - 9.3%）。超重/肥胖的相关因素包括女性与男性（APR = 1.3；95%CI 1.2 - 1.5）、41 - 64岁与25 - 40岁（APR = 1.4；95%CI 1.2 - 1.6）、高收入与低收入（APR = 1.2；95%CI 1.04 - 1.3）、已婚/同居与其他情况（APR = 1.2；95%CI 1.01 - 1.4）以及糖尿病家族史与无家族史（APR = 1.2；95%CI 1.01 - 1.3）。41 - 64岁与25 - 40岁是与高血压APR（95%CI）2.2（1.7 - 2.9）和血糖升高AOR（95%CI）3.9（1.5 - 10.5）相关的唯一显著因素。
我们的研究表明，街头食品常客面临心血管代谢健康问题的风险，尤其是女性、中年人和高收入人群。需要进行跨学科研究以了解街头食品消费的驱动因素，从而为减轻心血管代谢疾病发生风险的干预措施提供信息。这些干预措施应针对街头食品摊贩及其消费者。
