Department of Public Health and Community Nursing, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Department of Community Medicine, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 Jul 26;23(1):373. doi: 10.1186/s12872-023-03408-3.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the global public health problem which has been associated with increasing prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and knowledge of modifiable CVDs risk factors among vulnerable population of Central Tanzania.
A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 749 participants were interviewed. The socio-demographic information and modifiable CVDs risk factors (behavioral and biological) were measured using a modified World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach for chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Knowledge of modifiable CVDs risk factors was measured by comprehensive heart disease knowledge questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the knowledge and prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with adequate knowledge of CVDs risk factors.
The prevalence of béhavioral risk factors were; current smokers and alcohol consumers were 4.4% and 18.0% respectively, use of raw salt was 43.7%, consumption of fruit/vegetables < 5 days per week was 56.9%. The prevalence of Biological CVDs risk factors was as follows: Overall, 63.5% (33.3% overweight and 29.9% obese) were overweight or obese, 4.5% were diabetic and 43.4% were hypertensive. Only 35.4% of participants had adequate knowledge of CVDs risk factors. Being a male (AOR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.01-2.06, p < .05), having primary education (AOR = 6.43, 95%CI = 2.39-17.36, p < .0001), being employed (AOR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.00-2.52, p < .05), ever checked blood pressure (AOR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.42-0.84, p < .001), family history of hypertension (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.25-0.57, p < .0001) determined adequate knowledge of CVDs risk factors.
This study has revealed a high prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors and low knowledge of CVDs risk factors. Community health promotion interventions to increase population knowledge of CVDs risk factors are recommended for the efficacious reduction of CVDs in the country.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球公共卫生问题，与可改变的 CVDs 风险因素的流行呈正相关。本研究旨在描述坦桑尼亚中部弱势人群中可改变的 CVDs 风险因素的流行情况和知识水平。
采用基于社区的横断面研究设计。共采访了 749 名参与者。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）的 STEPWISE 方法来测量社会人口统计学信息和可改变的 CVDs 风险因素（行为和生物学），用于慢性病风险因素监测。使用综合心脏病知识问卷来衡量对可改变的 CVDs 风险因素的知识。使用描述性统计来描述可改变的 CVDs 风险因素的知识和流行情况。使用逻辑回归分析来确定与 CVDs 风险因素知识充足相关的因素。
行为风险因素的流行率为：当前吸烟者和饮酒者分别为 4.4%和 18.0%，使用生盐的比例为 43.7%，每周食用水果/蔬菜<5 天的比例为 56.9%。生物学 CVDs 风险因素的流行率如下：总体而言，63.5%（33.3%超重和 29.9%肥胖）超重或肥胖，4.5%为糖尿病患者，43.4%为高血压患者。只有 35.4%的参与者对 CVDs 风险因素有足够的了解。男性（AOR=1.44，95%CI=1.01-2.06，p<.05）、接受过小学教育（AOR=6.43，95%CI=2.39-17.36，p<.0001）、就业（AOR=1.59，95%CI=1.00-2.52，p<.05）、曾检查过血压（AOR=0.59，95%CI=0.42-0.84，p<.001）、有高血压家族史（AOR=0.38，95%CI=0.25-0.57，p<.0001）决定了对 CVDs 风险因素的充分了解。
本研究揭示了可改变的 CVDs 风险因素的高流行率和对 CVDs 风险因素知识的低了解。建议开展社区健康促进干预措施，提高民众对 CVDs 风险因素的认识，以有效减少该国的 CVDs。
