Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 15;778:146141. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146141. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Tree taxa are often planted beyond their native range to increase the provision of some ecosystem services. Yet, they can disrupt ecosystem processes in their new ranges, causing changes in the provision of other services. Here we review the effects of five widespread tree taxa (Acacia, Ailanthus, Eucalyptus, Pinus and Robinia) on six regulating ecosystem services in areas where they are non-native. We conducted a literature search for pair-wise comparisons between sites dominated by any of the selected taxa and sites with native vegetation. An array of variables were used as indicators for each ecosystem service. Data were analysed using multi-level meta-analyses to compare effects of taxa on each ecosystem service, and effects of the same taxa across contexts. We compiled 857 case studies from 107 source papers. Several taxa tended to increase climate regulation, mostly Eucalyptus. Acacia decreased fire risk prevention. Robinia, Acacia and Ailanthus increased soil fertility, while Eucalyptus and Pinus, tended to decrease it. Soil formation was enhanced by Robinia and Ailanthus. Acacia promoted the increase of water in land pools, while Eucalyptus tended to decrease them. All effects show a large heterogeneity across case studies. Part of this heterogeneity could be attributed to gross climatic differences (i.e. biome), to species differences within each genus, to the structure of the recipient ecosystem, and/or to human management. Managers and policy-makers should consider the context-dependency and the potential effects of non-native trees on a wide range of services to ground their decisions. Our analyses also revealed important gaps of knowledge (e.g. on fire risk prevention, erosion control or water cycle regulation) and some potential publication bias. The methodology used here easily allows for future updates as new information will become available.
树木物种常被种植在其原生范围以外，以增加某些生态系统服务的供给。然而，它们在新的分布范围内可能会扰乱生态系统过程，导致其他服务供给的变化。在这里，我们综述了五种广泛分布的树种（刺槐、臭椿、桉树、松树和刺槐）对其非原生地区的六种调节生态系统服务的影响。我们进行了文献检索，以寻找选定树种占主导地位的样地与具有本地植被的样地之间的成对比较。我们使用了一系列变量作为每个生态系统服务的指标。数据采用多层次元分析进行分析，以比较各树种对各生态系统服务的影响，以及同一树种在不同环境中的影响。我们从 107 篇原始文献中汇编了 857 个案例研究。有几种树种往往会增加气候调节，主要是桉树。刺槐降低了火灾风险预防。刺槐、刺槐和臭椿增加了土壤肥力，而桉树和松树则倾向于降低土壤肥力。土壤形成则因刺槐和臭椿而得到增强。刺槐促进了陆地区域水体的增加，而桉树则往往会减少它们。所有的影响在案例研究中都表现出很大的异质性。这种异质性的一部分可以归因于总气候差异（即生物群落）、每个属内的物种差异、受纳生态系统的结构，以及/或人类管理。管理者和政策制定者应考虑到背景的依赖性和非本地树木对广泛服务的潜在影响，以便做出决策。我们的分析还揭示了一些重要的知识空白（例如，在火灾风险预防、侵蚀控制或水循环调节方面），以及一些潜在的发表偏倚。这里使用的方法很容易随着新信息的出现进行更新。
