Bone R A, Landrum J T, Fernandez L, Tarsis S L
Department of Physics, Florida International University, State University of Florida, Miami.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988 Jun;29(6):843-9.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPCL) has been employed to study the distribution throughout the human retina of zeaxanthin and lutein, the two major components of the macular pigment. Differences between individuals have also been studied with a view to uncovering possible age-related effects. Both pigments were detected in prenatal eyes (approximately 20 weeks gestation) but did not form a visible yellow spot. Generally they were not easily discernible until about 6 months after birth. For 87 donors between the ages of 3 and 95, no dependence on age was observed in the quantity of either pigment. For approximately 90% of these, zeaxanthin was dominant. For the remaining 10%, as well as for the seven youngest donors, all below the age of 2, and in prenatal eyes, lutein was the major pigment. In individual retinas, the lutein:zeaxanthin ratio increased from an average of approximately 1:2.4 in the central 0-0.25 mm to over 2:1 in the periphery (8.7-12.2 mm). The variation in this ratio with eccentricity was linearly correlated with the corresponding rod:cone ratio. A selective mechanism of uptake, which results in cones and rods preferentially acquiring zeaxanthin and lutein, respectively, could explain this correlation.
高效液相色谱法（HPCL）已被用于研究黄斑色素的两种主要成分——玉米黄质和叶黄素在整个人类视网膜中的分布情况。为了揭示可能与年龄相关的影响，还对个体之间的差异进行了研究。在产前眼睛（约妊娠20周）中检测到了这两种色素，但未形成可见的黄斑。一般来说，直到出生后约6个月它们才容易被辨别出来。对于87名年龄在3至95岁之间的捐赠者，未观察到任何一种色素的量与年龄有关。其中约90%的人，玉米黄质占主导。对于其余10%的人，以及所有7名年龄在2岁以下的最年轻捐赠者和产前眼睛，叶黄素是主要色素。在个体视网膜中，叶黄素与玉米黄质的比例从中心0 - 0.25毫米处的平均约1:2.4增加到周边（8.7 - 12.2毫米）处的超过2:1。该比例随离心率的变化与相应的视杆细胞与视锥细胞比例呈线性相关。一种选择性摄取机制，即视锥细胞和视杆细胞分别优先摄取玉米黄质和叶黄素，可以解释这种相关性。
