Department of Pediatrics (Gastroenterology), King Saud University, P O Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad Medical City, Children's Hospital, University of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz for Health Sciences, P. O. Box 59046, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Dig Dis Sci. 2022 Jan;67(1):216-223. doi: 10.1007/s10620-021-06823-8. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Although intestinal fungi are known to interact with the immune system, the relationship between intestinal fungi and childhood celiac disease (CeD), an immune-mediated condition, has rarely been reported.
The aim of this study was to describe gut fungal profiles in a cohort of children with new-onset CeD.
Mucosal and fecal samples were collected from children with CeD and controls and subjected to metagenomics analysis of fungal microbiota communities. DNA libraries were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq platform 2 × 150 bp. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to quantify the relative abundance of fungi. Shannon alpha diversity metrics and beta diversity principal coordinate (PCo) analyses were calculated, and DESeq tests were performed between celiac and non-celiac groups.
Overall more abundant taxa in samples of children with CeD included Tricholomataceae, Saccharomycetaceae, Saccharomycetes Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida, whereas less abundant taxa included Pichiaceae, Pichia kudriavzevii, Pneumocystis, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Alpha diversity between CeD and control individuals did not differ significantly, and beta diversity PCo analysis showed overlap of samples from CeD and controls for both fecal or mucosal samples; however, there was a clear separation between mucosal and fecal overall samples CONCLUSIONS: We report fungal dysbiosis in children with CeD, suggesting a possible role in the pathogenesis of CeD. Further larger, controlled, prospective and longitudinal studies are needed to verify the results of this study and clarify the functional role of fungi in CeD.
尽管已知肠道真菌与免疫系统相互作用，但肠道真菌与儿童乳糜泻（CeD）——一种免疫介导的疾病——之间的关系很少有报道。
本研究旨在描述新诊断为 CeD 的儿童肠道真菌谱。
收集 CeD 患儿和对照者的黏膜和粪便样本，并进行真菌微生物群落的宏基因组分析。使用 Illumina HiSeq 平台 2×150bp 对 DNA 文库进行测序。采用生物信息学方法对真菌的相对丰度进行定量。计算香农 alpha 多样性指标和 beta 多样性主坐标（PCo）分析，并在乳糜泻和非乳糜泻组之间进行 DESeq 检验。
总体而言，CeD 患儿样本中更丰富的类群包括 Tricholomataceae、Saccharomycetaceae、Saccharomyces cerevisiae 和 Candida，而较少的类群包括 Pichiaceae、Pichia kudriavzevii、Pneumocystis 和 Pneumocystis jirovecii。CeD 和对照个体之间的 alpha 多样性没有显著差异，beta 多样性 PCo 分析显示，无论是粪便样本还是黏膜样本，CeD 和对照者的样本重叠；然而，黏膜和粪便的总体样本之间有明显的分离。
我们报告了 CeD 患儿的真菌失调，表明其在 CeD 发病机制中可能起作用。需要进一步进行更大规模、对照、前瞻性和纵向研究来验证本研究的结果，并阐明真菌在 CeD 中的功能作用。
