Ventin-Holmberg Rebecka, Saqib Schahzad, Korpela Katri, Nikkonen Anne, Peltola Ville, Salonen Anne, de Vos Willem M, Kolho Kaija-Leena
Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Mar 22;8(4):328. doi: 10.3390/jof8040328.
Antibiotics are commonly used drugs in infants, causing disruptions in the developing gut microbiota with possible detrimental long-term effects such as chronic inflammatory diseases. The focus has been on bacteria, but research shows that fungi might have an important role as well. There are only a few studies on the infant gut fungal microbiota, the mycobiota, in relation to antibiotic treatment. Here, the aim was to investigate the impact of antibiotics on the infant gut mycobiota, and the interkingdom associations between bacteria and fungi. We had 37 antibiotic-naïve patients suffering from respiratory syncytial virus, of which 21 received one to four courses of antibiotics due to complications, and 16 remained antibiotic-naïve throughout the study. Fecal samples were collected before, during and after antibiotic treatment with a follow-up period of up to 9.5 months. The gut mycobiota was studied by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the ITS1 region. We found that antibiotic use affected the gut mycobiota, most prominently seen as a higher relative abundance of Candida (p < 0.001), and a higher fungal diversity (p = 0.005−0.04) and richness (p = 0.03) in the antibiotic-treated infants compared to the antibiotic-naïve ones at multiple timepoints. This indicates that the gut mycobiota could contribute to the long-term consequences of antibiotic treatments.
抗生素是婴儿常用药物，会破坏发育中的肠道微生物群，可能产生如慢性炎症性疾病等有害的长期影响。以往的研究重点一直是细菌，但研究表明真菌可能也起着重要作用。关于婴儿肠道真菌微生物群（即真菌区系）与抗生素治疗关系的研究很少。在此，我们旨在研究抗生素对婴儿肠道真菌区系的影响，以及细菌和真菌之间的跨界关联。我们选取了37名未使用过抗生素且患有呼吸道合胞病毒的患者，其中21名因并发症接受了1至4个疗程的抗生素治疗，16名在整个研究过程中未使用抗生素。在抗生素治疗前、治疗期间和治疗后收集粪便样本，随访期长达9.5个月。通过对ITS1区域进行Illumina MiSeq测序来研究肠道真菌区系。我们发现，使用抗生素会影响肠道真菌区系，最显著的表现是念珠菌的相对丰度更高（p < 0.001），与未使用抗生素的婴儿相比，在多个时间点上，使用抗生素的婴儿真菌多样性更高（p = 0.005 - 0.04），丰富度更高（p = 0.03）。这表明肠道真菌区系可能导致抗生素治疗的长期后果。
