Charlop M H, Burgio L D, Iwata B A, Ivancic M T
Psychology Department, Claremont McKenna College, California 91711.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1988 Spring;21(1):89-95. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-89.
We compared the effects of varied punishers (presentation of one of three available punishers) with the single presentation of one of the punishers on the occurrence of inappropriate behaviors with three developmentally delayed children. Two children were presented with varied-punisher conditions in which either overcorrection, time-out, or a verbal "no" was presented contingent upon inappropiate behavior. A loud noise was substituted for overcorrection for a third child. Results of the multielement with reversal design indicated that both punishment formats produced a decrease in the target behaviors with the varied-punisher format slightly more effective than the single presentations of the punishers. The results suggest the use of varied punishers as a means of enhancing the effects of less intrusive procedures to effectively reduce inappropriate behaviors.
我们将三种可用惩罚方式中的一种呈现（多样惩罚方式）与仅呈现其中一种惩罚方式对三名发育迟缓儿童不适当行为发生情况的影响进行了比较。两名儿童接受多样惩罚条件，即根据不适当行为分别呈现过度矫正、暂停或口头“不可以”。对于第三名儿童，用大声噪音替代过度矫正。多重基线交替设计的结果表明，两种惩罚形式都使目标行为减少，多样惩罚形式比单一呈现惩罚方式的效果略好。结果表明，使用多样惩罚方式可作为一种手段，增强侵入性较小程序的效果，以有效减少不适当行为。
