The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Food Funct. 2021 Apr 7;12(7):3104-3119. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02950e. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Antibiotics are effective treatments for bacterial infections, however, their oral administration can have unintended consequences and may alter the gut microbiota composition. In this study, we examined the influence of antibiotics on the induction of gut dysbiosis and then evaluated the potential of cow and goat milk to restore the microbiota composition and metabolism in newly weaned rats. In the first study (gut dysbiosis model), rats were treated with amoxicillin, a mixture of antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole) or no antibiotics (control). Antibiotics reduced the rat body weights, food intakes and faecal outputs compared to the control group. Gut length was significantly decreased after the antibiotic intake. The bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and total bacteria) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetic, butyric and propionic) concentrations in rat caecum, colon and faeces were significantly altered by the antibiotic treatments. In the second study, we examined the effects of cow and goat milk in restoring bacterial populations and metabolism in rats with gut dysbiosis induced by amoxicillin. Goat milk significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and decreased the numbers of Clostridium perfringens in the caecum and colon of rats treated with amoxicillin. Whereas, rats fed cow milk had higher Lactobacillus spp. and lower C. perfringens in the gut. Caecal and colonic SCFAs (acetic, butyric and propionic) concentrations differed significantly between rats fed cow and goat milk diets. Overall, goat and cow milk varied in their effects on the immature gut following antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in a rat model.
抗生素是治疗细菌感染的有效方法，然而，它们的口服给药可能会产生意想不到的后果，并可能改变肠道微生物群落的组成。在本研究中，我们研究了抗生素对肠道菌群失调的诱导作用，然后评估了牛奶和羊奶恢复新断奶大鼠肠道微生物群落组成和代谢的潜力。在第一项研究（肠道菌群失调模型）中，我们用阿莫西林、抗生素混合物（氨苄西林、庆大霉素和甲硝唑）或不使用抗生素（对照组）处理大鼠。与对照组相比，抗生素降低了大鼠的体重、采食量和粪便排出量。抗生素摄入后，肠道长度显著缩短。抗生素处理后，大鼠盲肠、结肠和粪便中的细菌种群（双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属和总细菌）和短链脂肪酸（乙酸、丁酸和丙酸）浓度显著改变。在第二项研究中，我们研究了牛奶和羊奶在恢复因阿莫西林引起的肠道菌群失调的大鼠肠道菌群和代谢方面的作用。羊奶显著增加了盲肠和结肠中双歧杆菌属和乳杆菌属的数量，降低了阿莫西林处理大鼠盲肠和结肠中梭菌属的数量。而食用牛奶的大鼠肠道中的乳杆菌属数量较高，梭菌属数量较低。盲肠和结肠中的短链脂肪酸（乙酸、丁酸和丙酸）浓度在食用牛奶和羊奶的大鼠之间存在显著差异。总之，在抗生素诱导的大鼠肠道菌群失调模型中，羊奶和牛奶对未成熟肠道的影响存在差异。
