巴西和墨西哥成年人糖尿病并发症患病率比较：一项横断面研究。
Comparison of prevalence of diabetes complications in Brazilian and Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Biomedical Gerontology at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
出版信息
BMC Endocr Disord. 2021 Mar 16;21(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12902-021-00711-y.
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes is more frequent in Latin American people than in non-Hispanic whites due to a combination of genetic and lifestyle risk factors. Brazil and Mexico are the most populous countries in Latin America. The present study aimed to compare the results of the National Health Survey "PNS" in Brazil and the National Survey Health and Nutrition "ENSANUT" in Mexico regarding the prevalence, complications and healthcare issues of diabetes in both countries.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the National Health Survey (PNS) of 2013 in Brazil and the National Survey of Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT) of 2018 in Mexico. The prevalence of diabetes, complications and risk factors related to developing diabetes were considered.
RESULTS
The respondents included 3636 individuals in Brazil and 4555 individuals in Mexico. There were significant differences in age and time living with diabetes between the two countries. Mexican people had twice as likely as Brazilian people to have a complication (p < 0.0001). The principal risk factor (OR 2.47; p ≤ 0.0001) for developing any diabetic complication was living with diabetes for more than 15 years. Visual impairment was the most frequent complication in both countries, but it was more prevalent in Mexico (p ≤ 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes complications are important health problems in Brazil and Mexico. Visual impairment was the principal complication in both countries. Several factors, such as access to and type of health system, living in a rural area, treatment, BMI and performing preventive actions, affected the risk of developing a complication. However, living with diabetes for more than 15 years was the principal risk factor. National health surveys have added significant information on the impact of diabetes in these Latin American populations. This comparison of data could provide valuable information to guide national policies and program decisions in both countries.
背景
由于遗传和生活方式风险因素的综合作用，2 型糖尿病在拉丁美洲人群中的发病率高于非西班牙裔白人。巴西和墨西哥是拉丁美洲人口最多的国家。本研究旨在比较巴西的全国健康调查（PNS）和墨西哥的国家健康和营养调查（ENSANUT）在这两个国家的糖尿病患病率、并发症和医疗保健问题方面的结果。
方法
这是一项横断面研究，使用了巴西 2013 年全国健康调查（PNS）和墨西哥 2018 年全国健康和营养调查（ENSANUT）的数据。考虑了糖尿病的患病率、并发症和与糖尿病发病相关的危险因素。
结果
巴西的受访者有 3636 人，墨西哥的受访者有 4555 人。两国在年龄和糖尿病患病时间上存在显著差异。与巴西人相比，墨西哥人发生并发症的可能性是其两倍（p<0.0001）。发生任何糖尿病并发症的主要危险因素（OR 2.47；p≤0.0001）是糖尿病患病时间超过 15 年。视力障碍是两国最常见的并发症，但在墨西哥更为普遍（p≤0.001）。
结论
糖尿病并发症是巴西和墨西哥的重要健康问题。视力障碍是两国的主要并发症。几个因素，如获得和类型的卫生系统、居住在农村地区、治疗、BMI 和采取预防措施，都影响了发生并发症的风险。然而，糖尿病患病时间超过 15 年是主要的危险因素。国家健康调查为这些拉丁美洲人群中糖尿病的影响提供了重要信息。对这些数据的比较可以为两国的国家政策和项目决策提供有价值的信息。
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