Korotkov E V, Yakovleva I V, Kamionskaya A M
Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
Appl Biochem Microbiol. 2021;57(2):271-279. doi: 10.1134/S000368382102006X. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
In Russia and around the world, there are important questions regarding the potential threats to national and biological safety created by genetic technologies and the need to improve or introduce new, justified, and adequate measures for their control, regulation, and prevention. The article shows that a significant volume of the global market is occupied by five major transgenic crops, and producers are ready to switch to crops with an edited genome that has been approved in the United States, Argentina, and other countries. We propose a qualitatively new approach to the risk assessment of edited plants, "Safe Design," and we have also developed an extremely important, fundamentally new approach to the development of methods that combine next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Bioinformatics for the assessment of the crop import biosafety. The proposed mathematical approach provides a detailed analysis of the possible insertions of DNA fragments into the genome of edited crops and a clarification of their biological significance. The developed method can be used in the rapid screening of plants for the presence of potentially dangerous genes, viral sequences, and nonspecific promoter sequences.
在俄罗斯乃至全世界，存在一些重要问题，涉及基因技术对国家和生物安全造成的潜在威胁，以及改进或引入新的、合理且充分的控制、监管和预防措施的必要性。文章指出，全球市场的很大一部分被五种主要转基因作物占据，并且生产商准备转向种植已在美国、阿根廷和其他国家获批的基因组编辑作物。我们提出了一种针对编辑植物风险评估的全新定性方法——“安全设计”，并且还开发了一种极为重要、全新的方法，该方法将下一代测序（NGS）和生物信息学相结合，用于评估作物进口生物安全性。所提出的数学方法对DNA片段可能插入编辑作物基因组的情况进行了详细分析，并阐明了其生物学意义。所开发的方法可用于快速筛选植物，以检测是否存在潜在危险基因、病毒序列和非特异性启动子序列。
