Do Elizabeth K, Bradley Kennedy C, Fugate-Laus Kendall, Kaur Kiranpreet, Halquist Matthew S, Ray Laure, Pope Michell A, Hayes Rashelle B, Wheeler David C, Fuemmeler Bernard F
Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States.
Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States.
Tob Prev Cessat. 2021 Mar 12;7:20. doi: 10.18332/tpc/131875. eCollection 2021.
Adolescents are at increased risk of secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) due to the limited control that they have over social and physical environments. Yet, knowledge regarding determinants of SHS among non-smoking adolescents is limited. This study identifies social and environmental factors associated with SHS among non-smoking adolescents.
To be included, parents and adolescents (aged 11-17 years) of the Adolescents, Place, and Behavior Study had to have completed surveys between March 2019 and May 2020. Adolescents had to have not reported smoking within the past 30 days and provided a saliva sample assayed for cotinine (≤3 ng/mL). A series of stepwise linear regression models were fit to the data to identify social and environmental determinants of SHS, using log-transformed salivary cotinine.
Of the 105 adolescent and parent dyads included, 90.3% were African American, 26.9% of parents reported smoking, 33.3% resided in multi-unit housing, and 67.7% lived in homes where smoking was not permitted. Significant associations were found between parent tobacco use (β=2.56, SE=0.98, p=0.0082) and residing in multi-unit housing (β=1.72, SE=0.86, p=0.0460) with increased log-transformed cotinine levels among non-smoking adolescents. Adolescent age, gender, and race/ ethnicity, parental education, peer tobacco use, the number of adults and children in the home, average number of days of self-reported SHS within public spaces outside of the home, and home smoking policies were not significantly associated with cotinine.
Results emphasize the importance of reducing secondhand smoke exposure by reducing parental smoking and altering exposures within social and home environments. Parental tobacco use and residential setting should be considered when developing interventions to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking adolescents.
由于青少年对社交和物理环境的控制有限，他们面临二手烟暴露（SHS）的风险增加。然而，关于非吸烟青少年二手烟暴露决定因素的知识有限。本研究确定了与非吸烟青少年二手烟暴露相关的社会和环境因素。
要纳入研究，青少年、场所和行为研究中的父母和青少年（年龄在11 - 17岁之间）必须在2019年3月至2020年5月期间完成调查。青少年必须在过去30天内未报告吸烟，并提供一份用于检测可替宁的唾液样本（≤3 ng/mL）。使用对数转换后的唾液可替宁，对数据拟合一系列逐步线性回归模型，以确定二手烟暴露的社会和环境决定因素。
在纳入的105对青少年和父母二元组中，90.3%是非裔美国人，26.9%的父母报告吸烟，33.3%居住在多单元住房中，67.7%生活在不允许吸烟的家庭中。在非吸烟青少年中，发现父母吸烟（β = 2.56，标准误 = 0.98，p = 0.0082）和居住在多单元住房（β = 1.72，标准误 = 0.86，p = 0.0460）与对数转换后的可替宁水平升高之间存在显著关联。青少年的年龄、性别、种族/族裔、父母教育程度、同伴吸烟情况、家中成人和儿童数量、在家外公共场所自我报告的二手烟暴露平均天数以及家庭吸烟政策与可替宁均无显著关联。
结果强调了通过减少父母吸烟以及改变社交和家庭环境中的暴露来减少二手烟暴露的重要性。在制定减少非吸烟青少年二手烟暴露的干预措施时，应考虑父母吸烟情况和居住环境。
