Liu Mengyun, Cai Miaomiao, Ding Ping
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
Am J Chin Med. 2021;49(3):577-608. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X21500269. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Most of traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) substances come from medicinal plants, among which oligosaccharides have gradually attracted widespread attention at home and abroad due to their important biological activities and great medicinal potential. Numerous and experiments exhibited that oligosaccharides possess various activities, such as antitumor, anti-oxidation, modulate the gut microflora, anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, and immune-regulatory activities. Generally, biological activities are closely related to chemical structures, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond connection, etc. The structural analysis of oligosaccharides is an important basis for studying their structure-activity relationship, but the structural diversity and complexity of carbohydrate compounds limit the study of oligosaccharides activities. Understanding the structures and biological functions of oligosaccharides is important for the development of new bioactive substances with natural oligosaccharides. This review provides a systematic introduction of the current knowledge of the chemical structures and biological activities of oligosaccharides. Most importantly, the reported chemical characteristics and biological activities of the famous TCHM oligosaccharides were briefly summarized, including , , , , , and . TCHM oligosaccharides play an important role in nutrition, health care, disease diagnosis and prevention as well as have broad application prospects in the field of medicine.
大多数传统中草药物质来自药用植物，其中低聚糖因其重要的生物活性和巨大的药用潜力而逐渐在国内外引起广泛关注。大量实验表明，低聚糖具有多种活性，如抗肿瘤、抗氧化、调节肠道菌群、抗炎、抗感染和免疫调节活性等。一般来说，生物活性与化学结构密切相关，包括分子量、单糖组成、糖苷键连接等。低聚糖的结构分析是研究其构效关系的重要基础，但碳水化合物化合物的结构多样性和复杂性限制了对低聚糖活性的研究。了解低聚糖的结构和生物学功能对于开发具有天然低聚糖的新型生物活性物质具有重要意义。本文综述系统介绍了目前关于低聚糖化学结构和生物活性的知识。最重要的是，简要总结了著名的传统中草药低聚糖的报道化学特征和生物活性，包括 、 、 、 、 、 和 。传统中草药低聚糖在营养、保健、疾病诊断和预防中发挥着重要作用，在医学领域也具有广阔的应用前景。
