Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Building 420, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
Sci Adv. 2021 Mar 17;7(12). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf4355. Print 2021 Mar.
The stop-signal paradigm, a primary experimental paradigm for understanding cognitive control and response inhibition, rests upon the theoretical foundation of race models, which assume that a go process races independently against a stop process that occurs after a stop-signal delay (SSD). We show that severe violations of this independence assumption at short SSDs occur systematically across a wide range of conditions, including fast and slow reaction times, auditory and visual stop signals, manual and saccadic responses, and especially in selective stopping. We also reanalyze existing data and show that conclusions can change when short SSDs are excluded. Last, we suggest experimental and analysis techniques to address this violation, and propose adjustments to extant models to accommodate this finding.
停止信号范式是理解认知控制和反应抑制的主要实验范式，它建立在种族模型的理论基础上，该模型假设一个 go 过程独立于在停止信号延迟 (SSD) 后发生的停止过程。我们表明，在包括快速和慢速反应时间、听觉和视觉停止信号、手动和扫视反应在内的各种条件下，以及在选择性停止中，SSD 较短时，这种独立性假设会系统地严重违反。我们还重新分析了现有的数据，并表明当排除 SSD 较短的情况时，结论可能会发生变化。最后，我们提出了一些实验和分析技术来解决这个问题，并建议对现有的模型进行调整以适应这一发现。
