Mendes Fernando, Pereira Eurico, Martins Diana, Tavares-Silva Edgar, Pires Ana Salomé, Abrantes Ana Margarida, Figueiredo Arnaldo, Botelho Maria Filomena
Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro - SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal.
Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Mar;48(3):2791-2802. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06266-4. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and despite all innovations, remains a major challenge due to high morbidity and mortality. Genomic and epigenetic analyses allowed the discovery of new genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of BC. However, the effect on mortality has been modest and the development of new targets for BC treatment are needed. Recent evidence suggests that cancer cells are under increased stress associated with oncogenic transformation, with changes in metabolic activity and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased amounts of ROS in cancer cells are associated with stimulation of cellular proliferation, promotion of mutations and genetic instability, as well as alterations in cellular sensitivity to anticancer agents. Since these mechanisms occur in cancer cells, there is a close link between oxidative stress (OS) and BC with implications in prevention, carcinogenesis, prognosis, and treatment. We address the role of OS as an enemy towards BC development, as well as an ally to fight against BC. This review promises to expand our treatment options for BC with OS-based therapies and launches this approach as an opportunity to improve our ability to select patients most likely to respond to personalized therapy.
膀胱癌（BC）是最常见的泌尿系统癌症，尽管有诸多创新，但由于高发病率和死亡率，它仍然是一个重大挑战。基因组和表观遗传分析使人们发现了与膀胱癌发病机制和调控相关的新基因和新途径。然而，这些发现对死亡率的影响不大，因此需要开发新的膀胱癌治疗靶点。最近的证据表明，癌细胞面临与致癌转化相关的更大压力，其代谢活性发生变化，活性氧（ROS）生成增加。癌细胞中ROS含量的增加与细胞增殖的刺激、突变的促进、遗传不稳定性以及细胞对抗癌药物敏感性的改变有关。由于这些机制在癌细胞中发生，氧化应激（OS）与膀胱癌之间存在密切联系，这对预防、致癌作用、预后和治疗都有影响。我们阐述了OS作为膀胱癌发展的敌人以及对抗膀胱癌的盟友所起的作用。这篇综述有望通过基于OS的疗法扩展我们对膀胱癌的治疗选择，并将这种方法作为一个契机，以提高我们选择最可能对个性化治疗有反应的患者的能力。
