Nazaripour Morteza, Reshadi Mir Amir Mohammad, Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad, Nazaripour Mehdi, Bazargan Alireza
Faculty of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Guilan Water and Wastewater Company, TSU, Rasht, Guilan, Iran.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jun 1;287:112322. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112322. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Heavy metals are a threat against human health. During the last century, with increased industrial activities, many water resources have been contaminated by heavy metals. Meanwhile the number of scientific studies about removing these toxic substances from aqueous environments has increased exponentially. According to bibliometric analysis the number of articles from 2000 to 2019 experienced a 1700% growth rate. China, India and the United States have published the greatest number of top-cited articles on the topic, with China in first place by a large margin. Six clusters of papers (by topic) were identified. From among the processes such as adsorption, membrane filtration, and ion exchange, adsorption has the lion's share of the investigations. Technical and efficiency considerations, as well as environmental impact and cost-effectiveness, were chosen as criteria to compare different methods. According to life cycle assessment, adsorption has the least amount of negative environmental effects compared to other trending methods such as membrane filtration and ion exchange. From a financial viewpoint, utilizing biosorbents and biochars for adsorption are the best options. Unlike other methods which depend on pretreatment processes and have a high energy demand, these sorbents are cost-effective and exhibit acceptable performance.
重金属对人类健康构成威胁。在上个世纪，随着工业活动的增加，许多水资源已被重金属污染。与此同时，关于从水环境中去除这些有毒物质的科学研究数量呈指数级增长。根据文献计量分析，2000年至2019年的文章数量增长率达到了1700%。中国、印度和美国发表的关于该主题的高被引文章数量最多，中国大幅领先位居第一。确定了六类论文（按主题）。在吸附、膜过滤和离子交换等过程中，吸附在研究中占比最大。技术和效率考量，以及环境影响和成本效益，被选为比较不同方法的标准。根据生命周期评估，与膜过滤和离子交换等其他流行方法相比，吸附产生的负面环境影响最小。从经济角度来看，利用生物吸附剂和生物炭进行吸附是最佳选择。与其他依赖预处理过程且能源需求高的方法不同，这些吸附剂具有成本效益且表现出可接受的性能。
