Popkova Anna, Rauzi Matteo, Wang Xiaobo
Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, iBV, Nice, France.
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Mar 2;9:645235. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645235. eCollection 2021.
Tissue elongation is known to be controlled by oriented cell division, elongation, migration and rearrangement. While these cellular processes have been extensively studied, new emerging supracellular mechanisms driving tissue extension have recently been unveiled. Tissue rotation and actomyosin contractions have been shown to be key processes driving egg chamber elongation. First, egg chamber rotation facilitates the dorsal-ventral alignment of the extracellular matrix and of the cell basal actin fibers. Both fiber-like structures form supracellular networks constraining the egg growth in a polarized fashion thus working as 'molecular corsets'. Second, the supracellular actin fiber network, powered by myosin periodic oscillation, contracts anisotropically driving tissue extension along the egg anterior-posterior axis. During both processes, cellular and supracellular planar polarity provide a critical cue to control egg chamber elongation. Here we review how different planar polarized networks are built, maintained and function at both cellular and supracellular levels in the ovarian epithelium.
已知组织伸长受定向细胞分裂、伸长、迁移和重排的控制。虽然这些细胞过程已得到广泛研究，但最近揭示了驱动组织延伸的新出现的超细胞机制。组织旋转和肌动球蛋白收缩已被证明是驱动卵室伸长的关键过程。首先，卵室旋转促进细胞外基质和细胞基底肌动蛋白纤维的背腹对齐。这两种纤维状结构形成超细胞网络，以极化方式限制卵的生长，因此起到“分子紧身衣”的作用。其次，由肌球蛋白周期性振荡驱动的超细胞肌动蛋白纤维网络各向异性收缩，沿卵的前后轴驱动组织延伸。在这两个过程中，细胞和超细胞平面极性为控制卵室伸长提供了关键线索。在这里，我们综述了不同的平面极化网络在卵巢上皮细胞和超细胞水平上是如何构建、维持和发挥功能的。
