Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2021 Mar 18;21(3):20. doi: 10.1007/s11882-020-00981-x.
Despite their high prevalence, the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. Recently, transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels emerged as important players in type 2 upper airway inflammatory disorders. In this review, we aim to discuss known and yet to be explored roles of TRP channels in the pathophysiology of AR and CRS with nasal polyps.
TRP channels participate in a plethora of cellular functions and are expressed on T cells, mast cells, respiratory epithelial cells, and sensory neurons of the upper airways. In chronic upper airway inflammation, TRP vanilloid 1 is mostly studied in relation to nasal hyperreactivity. Several other TRP channels such as TRP vanilloid 4, TRP ankyrin 1, TRP melastatin channels, and TRP canonical channels also have important functions, rendering them potential targets for therapy. The role of TRP channels in type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases is steadily being uncovered and increasingly recognized. Modulation of TRP channels may offer therapeutic perspectives.
尽管变应性鼻炎（AR）和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）的患病率很高，但它们的发病机制仍不清楚。最近，瞬时受体电位（TRP）阳离子通道已成为 2 型上气道炎症性疾病的重要参与者。在这篇综述中，我们旨在讨论 TRP 通道在 AR 和伴有鼻息肉的 CRS 发病机制中的已知和尚未探索的作用。
TRP 通道参与了许多细胞功能，在上呼吸道的 T 细胞、肥大细胞、呼吸上皮细胞和感觉神经元上表达。在慢性上呼吸道炎症中，TRP 香草素 1 主要与鼻高反应性有关。其他几种 TRP 通道，如 TRP 香草素 4、TRP 锚蛋白 1、TRP 黑素皮质素通道和 TRP 经典通道也具有重要功能，使它们成为潜在的治疗靶点。TRP 通道在 2 型炎症性上呼吸道疾病中的作用正在被逐步揭示，并得到越来越多的认识。TRP 通道的调节可能提供治疗前景。
