iMed.ULisboa, Social Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
Eur Geriatr Med. 2021 Aug;12(4):673-693. doi: 10.1007/s41999-021-00469-5. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
Long-Term Care (LTC) systems have experienced recent developments driven by changes in healthcare and demography (e.g. population ageing). As well, pharmacists are changing from traditional roles to more patient-oriented services. The present study aimed to identify and assess pharmacists' and/or pharmacy-based interventions in institutional LTC settings, also mapping relevant medications.
The review was undertaken in general accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using three main literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge). A set of 16 keywords, divided into three domains (professional, type of care and type of setting), were combined into search equations. Selected studies were assessed through the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.
Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, out of 794 initial hits. Most studies (12) described pharmacist/pharmacy-driven interventions assessing Medication Management Reviews' impact in different endpoints or outcomes. Other studies (3) assessed pharmacists' interventions on specific medication groups. Good Administration Practices, new pharmaceutical care models, antibiotic stewardship programs, and studies assessing other pharmacists' interventions, such as pharmacy-managed informatics and education, were addressed by 11 other papers. Six studies were classified as Strong after quality assessment.
LTC is a clinically complex type of care benefiting from interdisciplinary work. Despite the overall lower quality of the identified studies, pharmacists perform in a wide array of LTC areas. The broad implementation of pharmaceutical activities in institutional LTC settings opens opportunities to optimise medicines' use.
长期护理（LTC）系统最近经历了由医疗保健和人口结构变化（例如人口老龄化）驱动的发展。此外，药剂师正在从传统角色转变为更以患者为中心的服务。本研究旨在确定和评估机构 LTC 环境中的药剂师和/或药房为基础的干预措施，并绘制相关药物。
该综述是按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）的一般原则进行的，使用了三个主要文献数据库（PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Knowledge）。一组 16 个关键词，分为三个领域（专业、护理类型和设置类型），组合成搜索方程。选择的研究通过定量研究质量评估工具进行评估。
在 794 个初始结果中，有 26 项研究符合纳入标准。大多数研究（12 项）描述了药剂师/药房驱动的干预措施，评估了药物管理审查在不同终点或结果中的影响。其他研究（3 项）评估了药剂师对特定药物组的干预措施。良好的管理实践、新的药物治疗模式、抗生素管理计划，以及评估其他药剂师干预措施的研究，如药房管理信息学和教育，也在 11 篇其他论文中得到了探讨。经过质量评估，有 6 项研究被归类为强。
LTC 是一种临床复杂的护理类型，受益于跨学科工作。尽管确定的研究总体质量较低，但药剂师在 LTC 的广泛领域中发挥作用。在机构 LTC 环境中广泛实施药物活动为优化药物使用提供了机会。
