Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute.
Health Promotion Division, Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government.
J Epidemiol. 2021 Jun 5;31(6):378-386. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20200533. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
In April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and infection control measures, including requests to work from home and stay-at-home restrictions, were introduced. This study examined changes in smoking behavior during the COVID-19 state of emergency.
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Osaka, Japan. To assess differences in smoking behavior among 5,120 current smokers before and after the declaration of a state of emergency, prevalence ratios (PRs) for two outcomes, increased smoking and quitting smoking, were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression, adjusting for potential covariates.
We found 32.1% increased the number of cigarettes smoked and 11.9% quit smoking. After adjustment for all variables, we found risk factors for COVID-19 (men and older age group) had both significantly higher PR for quitting smoking (men: PR 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.62) and participants aged ≥65 years: PR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.92-3.12) and significantly lower PR of increased smoking (men: PR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93 and participants ≥65 years: PR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.29-0.49). Additionally, respondents working from home or living alone had significantly higher PR for increased smoking (working from home: PR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.41 and living alone: PR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.38) and respondents who changed from cigarettes to heated tobacco products (HTPs) had significantly lower PR for quitting smoking (PR 0.150; 95% CI, 0.039-0.582).
We suggest people who have high-risk factors for COVID-19 might change their smoking behavior for the better, while people who work from home or live alone might change their smoking behavior for the worse, during the COVID-19 state of emergency. Additionally, changing from smoking cigarettes to using HTPs makes smokers less likely to quit.
2020 年 4 月，日本政府因 COVID-19 大流行宣布进入紧急状态，并采取了包括居家办公和居家限制在内的感染控制措施。本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 紧急状态下吸烟行为的变化。
本研究在日本大阪市进行了一项在线横断面调查。为了评估 5120 名当前吸烟者在宣布紧急状态前后吸烟行为的差异，使用多变量泊松回归计算了两个结果（增加吸烟量和戒烟）的患病率比（PR），并调整了潜在的混杂因素。
我们发现有 32.1%的吸烟者增加了吸烟量，11.9%的吸烟者戒烟。在调整所有变量后，我们发现 COVID-19 的风险因素（男性和年龄较大的年龄组）戒烟的 PR 均显著较高（男性：PR 1.38；95%置信区间[CI]，1.17-1.62）和年龄≥65 岁的参与者：PR 2.45；95%CI，1.92-3.12），增加吸烟量的 PR 显著较低（男性：PR 0.85；95%CI，0.78-0.93 和年龄≥65 岁的参与者：PR 0.38；95%CI，0.29-0.49）。此外，居家办公或独居的受访者增加吸烟的 PR 显著较高（居家办公：PR 1.29；95%CI，1.17-1.41 和独居：PR 1.23；95%CI，1.10-1.38），而从香烟改用加热烟草制品（HTP）的受访者戒烟的 PR 显著较低（PR 0.150；95%CI，0.039-0.582）。
我们认为，COVID-19 高危人群可能会改善他们的吸烟行为，而居家办公或独居的人群可能会恶化他们的吸烟行为，在 COVID-19 紧急状态下。此外，从吸烟改为使用 HTP 会使吸烟者更不愿意戒烟。
