Duche Henock, Tsegay Adino Tesfahun, Tamirat Koku Sisay
Ethiopia Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2021 Mar 12;13:189-197. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S293867. eCollection 2021.
Breast cancer, one of the chronic diseases, is the most common cancer among women in the world. In Ethiopia, late-stage breast cancer is widely diagnosed and women have very little access to adequate medication, pain relief, or palliative care. In addition, there are few research on risk factors for breast cancer in Ethiopia. A safer way out of this is to concentrate on prevention; one of the prevention methods is to recognize risk factors sooner. The study therefore aimed to establish risk factors for breast cancer among women in hospitals in the city of Addis Ababa.
Hospital-based, unmatched case-control research conducted in selected Addis Ababa hospitals from April to September 2017 (Case=110 and Control=110). Data were collected by standardized questionnaires for both cases and controls. Cases were initially detected by mammography screening accompanied by histopathological examinations, while controls were those women who were negative by mammogram testing, stress levels were assessed by perceived stress scale (PSS) and body mass index measured by WHO norm. Summary statistics Computed and binary logistic regression analysis to classify risk factors for breast cancer modified odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated.
The participants' mean age of was 43.80 years (SD ±12.63) and 39.64 years (SD ±12.91) for cases and controls, respectively. Physical activity (AOR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.41) was correlated with lower probability of breast cancer, while never breastfeed (AOR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.21, 9.67); menopausal state (AOR=6.8, 95% CI: 1.92, 24.16), and body mass index above 25. 1 kg/m (AOR=5.9, 95% CI: 2.16, 16.48) were factors risk factors for breast cancer.
This research shows the importance of physical exercise, breastfeeding, menopausal status, and nutritional status in the occurrence of breast cancer. Actions aimed at increasing physical activity, breastfeeding habits and keeping a balanced diet will help to minimize the incidence of breast cancer.
乳腺癌是一种慢性疾病，是全球女性中最常见的癌症。在埃塞俄比亚，晚期乳腺癌被广泛诊断出来，而女性获得足够药物、疼痛缓解或姑息治疗的机会非常少。此外，埃塞俄比亚关于乳腺癌危险因素的研究很少。解决这一问题的更安全方法是专注于预防；预防方法之一是尽早识别危险因素。因此，该研究旨在确定亚的斯亚贝巴市医院女性乳腺癌的危险因素。
2017年4月至9月在亚的斯亚贝巴选定医院进行基于医院的非匹配病例对照研究（病例=110，对照=110）。通过标准化问卷收集病例和对照的数据。病例最初通过乳腺钼靶筛查并伴有组织病理学检查来检测，而对照是那些乳腺钼靶检查呈阴性的女性，应激水平通过感知应激量表（PSS）评估，体重指数按照世界卫生组织标准测量。计算汇总统计量并进行二元逻辑回归分析，以分类乳腺癌的危险因素，计算修正比值比（AOR）及95%置信区间（CI）。
病例组参与者的平均年龄为43.80岁（标准差±12.63），对照组为39.64岁（标准差±12.91）。体育活动（AOR=0.2，95%CI：0.10，0.41）与较低的乳腺癌发病概率相关，而从未哺乳（AOR=3.4，95%CI：1.21，9.67）、绝经状态（AOR=6.8，95%CI：1.92，24.16）以及体重指数高于25.1kg/m²（AOR=5.9，95%CI：2.16，16.48）是乳腺癌的危险因素。
本研究表明体育锻炼、母乳喂养、绝经状态和营养状况在乳腺癌发生中的重要性。旨在增加体育活动、培养母乳喂养习惯和保持均衡饮食的行动将有助于降低乳腺癌的发病率。
