Marques Adilson, Henriques-Neto Duarte, Peralta Miguel, Martins João, Gomes Fernando, Popovic Stevo, Masanovic Bojan, Demetriou Yolanda, Schlund Annegret, Ihle Andreas
CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Pediatr. 2021 Mar 5;9:640028. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.640028. eCollection 2021.
Physical fitness (PF) is a multi-component construct and a biomarker of health. Worse PF is related to vulnerability and predicts worse academic achievements. Thus, assessing PF is important to monitor health in youth. This systematic review aimed to identify and inform physical education, health professionals and entities about existing PF batteries and field-tests that can be used in school settings. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in five electronic databases (Academic Search Complete, Education Resources Information Center, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify PF battery protocols that can be carried out in the school setting. Overall, 24 PF batteries were identified. Regarding the PF components assessed, only cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body strength were contemplated in all batteries. Middle-body strength and lower body strength were presented in most batteries (21 and 19 of 24, respectively). Agility (16 of 24) and body composition (16 of 24) were also considered in several batteries, although to a lesser extent. Flexibility (14 of 24) and speed (12 of 24) were the PF components less represented in the batteries. Among the 24 identified PF batteries, 81 PF tests assessing the different PF components were encountered. The advances in the PF field-based assessment in school settings and health in youth resulted in the amplification of the number of existing batteries. Considering the connection between PF and health and the opportunity that the school setting provides to assess fitness in children and adolescents, there is a need for standardization and a consensus of PF assessments in this specific setting.
身体素质（PF）是一个多维度的概念，也是健康的生物标志物。较差的身体素质与易感性相关，并预示着较差的学业成绩。因此，评估身体素质对于监测青少年的健康状况很重要。本系统综述旨在识别并告知体育教育工作者、健康专业人员及相关机构有关可用于学校环境的现有身体素质测试组合和实地测试。我们在五个电子数据库（学术搜索完整版、教育资源信息中心、PubMed、Scopus和科学网）中进行了全面的文献检索，以识别可在学校环境中实施的身体素质测试组合方案。总体而言，共识别出24种身体素质测试组合。关于所评估的身体素质组成部分，所有测试组合中仅考虑了心肺适能和上肢力量。大多数测试组合中都包含了躯干力量和下肢力量（分别为24种中的21种和19种）。敏捷性（24种中的16种）和身体成分（24种中的16种）在一些测试组合中也有涉及，尽管程度较低。柔韧性（24种中的14种）和速度（24种中的12种）是在测试组合中出现较少的身体素质组成部分。在识别出的24种身体素质测试组合中，共遇到了81种评估不同身体素质组成部分的身体素质测试。学校环境中基于身体素质的评估进展以及青少年健康状况的改善导致了现有测试组合数量的增加。考虑到身体素质与健康之间的联系以及学校环境为评估儿童和青少年体能提供的机会，在这一特定环境中需要对身体素质评估进行标准化并达成共识。
