Lemoyne Jean, Huard Pelletier Vincent, Trudeau François, Grondin Simon
Département des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Hockey de l'UQTR, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Mar 4;3:622590. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.622590. eCollection 2021.
The term "relative age effect" (RAE) is used to describe a bias in which participation in sports (and other fields) is higher among people who were born at the beginning of the relevant selection period than would be expected from the distribution of births. In sports, RAEs may affect the psychological experience of players as well as their performance. This article presents 2 studies. Study 1 aims to verify the prevalence of RAEs in minor hockey and test its associations with players' physical self-concept and attitudes toward physical activities in general. Study 2 verifies the prevalence of the RAE and analyzes the performance of Canadian junior elite players as a function of their birth quartile. In study 1, the sample is drawn from 404 minor hockey players who have evolved from a recreational to an elite level. Physical self-concept and attitudes toward different kinds of physical activities were assessed via questionnaires. Results showed that the RAE is prevalent in minor hockey at all competition levels. Minor differences in favor of Q1-born players were observed regarding physical self-concept, but not attitudes. In study 2, data analyses were conducted from the 2018-2019 Canadian Hockey League database. Birth quartiles were compared on different components of performance by using quantile regression on each variable. Results revealed that RAEs are prevalent in the CHL, with Q1 players tending to outperform Q4 players in games played and power-play points. No other significant differences were observed regarding anthropometric measures and other performance outcomes. RAEs are still prevalent in Canadian hockey. Building up perceived competence and providing game-time exposure are examples of aspects that need to be addressed when trying to minimize RAEs in ice hockey.
“相对年龄效应”（RAE）一词用于描述一种偏差，即在相关选拔期开始时出生的人参与体育（及其他领域）的比例高于根据出生分布预期的比例。在体育领域，相对年龄效应可能会影响运动员的心理体验及其表现。本文介绍了两项研究。研究1旨在验证青少年曲棍球中相对年龄效应的普遍性，并测试其与运动员身体自我概念以及对一般体育活动态度的关联。研究2验证了相对年龄效应的普遍性，并分析了加拿大青少年精英球员的表现与其出生四分位数的关系。在研究1中，样本来自404名从娱乐水平发展到精英水平的青少年曲棍球运动员。通过问卷调查评估身体自我概念和对不同类型体育活动的态度。结果表明，相对年龄效应在所有比赛水平的青少年曲棍球中都普遍存在。在身体自我概念方面观察到有利于第一季度出生球员的微小差异，但在态度方面没有。在研究2中，数据分析来自2018 - 2019年加拿大曲棍球联盟数据库。通过对每个变量进行分位数回归，比较了出生四分位数在不同表现成分上的差异。结果显示，相对年龄效应在加拿大曲棍球联盟中普遍存在，第一季度出生的球员在比赛场次和优势进攻得分方面往往比第四季度出生的球员表现更好。在人体测量指标和其他表现结果方面未观察到其他显著差异。相对年龄效应在加拿大曲棍球中仍然普遍存在。培养感知能力和提供比赛时间机会是在冰球运动中尽量减少相对年龄效应时需要解决的方面的例子。
