Morgans Ryland, Radnor John, Nisbet Daniel, Teixeira Jose, Modric Toni, Bezuglov Eduard, Ceylan Halil İbrahim, Kavanagh Ronan, Zmijewski Piotr, Oliveira Rafael
School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
FA of Wales, Hensol, Cardiff, UK.
J Hum Kinet. 2024 Jul 17;94:157-169. doi: 10.5114/jhk/186563. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) across an international soccer programme in male and female players aged 12 years old to seniors. One hundred forty-five male (age: 18.8 ± 4.6 years; body mass: 68.1 ± 10.2 kg; body height: 177.3 ± 10.5 cm) and 218 female (age: 15.9 ± 4.6 years; body mass: 66.2 ± 10.5 kg; body height: 170.6 ± 8.3 cm) players from a National Association were assessed. All participants were divided into four quartiles: January to March (BQ1), April to June (BQ2), July to September (BQ3), and October to December (BQ4). The results showed that the distributions for all male squads were significantly skewed, with more players than expected from BQ1 in the U-21, U-19, and U-17 and less players than expected from BQ4 in the U-19 squad. The distributions for all female squads showed significantly more players than expected from BQ1 in the U-16 and less players than expected from BQ4 in the U-14 squad. The distributions across the different positions for the male squads combined were significantly skewed with more forward players than expected from BQ1 and less forward and midfielder players than expected from BQ4. For the female squads, there were significantly more BQ1 defenders from the U-16 squad than expected. In conclusion, this study unveils significant disparities in quartile distributions among male and female squads. Moreover, the data emphasize the potential impact of heightened physical demands in certain positions on the RAE.
本研究的目的是调查相对年龄效应（RAE）在一项面向12岁至成年男女足球运动员的国际足球项目中的普遍程度。对来自一个国家协会的145名男性球员（年龄：18.8±4.6岁；体重：68.1±10.2千克；身高：177.3±10.5厘米）和218名女性球员（年龄：15.9±4.6岁；体重：66.2±10.5千克；身高：170.6±8.3厘米）进行了评估。所有参与者被分为四个四分位数区间：1月至3月（BQ1）、4月至6月（BQ2）、7月至9月（BQ3）和10月至12月（BQ4）。结果显示，所有男队的分布都明显不均衡，在U-21、U-19和U-17年龄段中，来自BQ1区间的球员比预期的多，而在U-19队中，来自BQ4区间的球员比预期的少。所有女队的分布显示，在U-16年龄段中，来自BQ1区间的球员比预期的多，而在U-14队中，来自BQ4区间的球员比预期的少。男队不同位置的综合分布明显不均衡，前锋位置上来自BQ1区间的球员比预期的多，而前锋和中场位置上来自BQ4区间的球员比预期的少。对于女队，U-16队中来自BQ1区间的后卫比预期的多。总之，本研究揭示了男女队在四分位数分布上的显著差异。此外，数据强调了某些位置上更高身体要求对相对年龄效应的潜在影响。
